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Advanced sleep phase syndrome: Role of genetics and aging.

Handb Clin Neurol

January 2025

Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neurology, Villa Serena Hospital, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy; Villaserena Research Foundation, Città S. Angelo, Pescara, Italy.

Advanced sleep phase (ASP) is seldom brought to medical attention because many individuals easily adapt to their early chronotype, especially if it emerges before the age of 30 and is present in a first-degree relative. In this case, the disorder is considered familial (FASP) and is mostly discovered coincidentally in the presence of other sleep disorders, mainly obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The prevalence of FASP is currently estimated to be between 0.

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Circadian aspects in nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of insomnia.

Handb Clin Neurol

January 2025

Department of Surgical Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Psychology Unit, University of Pisa Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AUOP), Pisa, Italy.

Insomnia disorder is a frequent sleep disorder leading to significant health and economic consequences. It has been proposed that individuals with insomnia may experience compromised deactivation systems of arousal, leading to a chronic state of hyperactivation of arousal known as hyperarousal, along with instability in the flip-flop system. Such disruptions may have a primarily impact on the sleep homeostatic drive process.

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Marker-Less Video Analysis of Infant Movements for Early Identification of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Diagnostics (Basel)

January 2025

Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.

The early identification of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in infants is crucial for effective intervention and improved long-term outcomes. Recent evidence indicates a correlation between deficits in spontaneous movements in newborns and the likelihood of developing NDDs later in life. This study aims to address this aspect by employing a marker-less Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach for the automatic assessment of infants' movements from single-camera video recordings.

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Endocrine and molecular regulation of seasonal avian immune function.

Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci

January 2025

School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.

Birds have evolved seasonal adaptations in multiple aspects of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Seasonal immunological adaptations are crucial for survival in harsh environmental conditions and in response to increased prevalence of acute and chronic diseases. Similar to other vertebrates, birds exhibit remarkable plasticity in cytokine production, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and inflammation across the year.

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Sleep deficiency is associated with infectious disease risk. However, little is known about the individual roles of different aspects of sleep, including sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep timing (assessed by chronotype) and sleep regularity (in the form of social jet lag) in this context. Here, we examined associations of the probability of reporting a cold or other infections with self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality and chronotype in a sample of 642 adults, and with social jet lag in a subsample of 274 adults.

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