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Various tubular diseases in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are caused by monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LCs). However, the physicochemical characteristics of the disease-causing LCs contributing to the onset of MM-associated tubular diseases remain unclear. We herein report a rare case of MM-associated combined tubulopathies: non-crystalline light chain proximal tubulopathy (LCPT) and crystalline light chain cast nephropathy (LCCN).

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Septal plasmacytoma: Dilemma of diagnosis.

Med J Armed Forces India

June 2024

Associate Professor, Department of ENT, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.

Article Synopsis
  • Plasmacytomas are harmful tumors formed by the unusual growth of plasma cells and can occur in bones or soft tissues, with extramedullary types being rare, especially in the head and neck region.
  • An 80-year-old male was treated for a localized plasmacytoma in the nasal septum, successfully removed via endoscopic surgery, followed by radiation therapy, and has shown no signs of recurrence after one year.
  • Effective management of plasmacytomas requires a teamwork approach for diagnosis and treatment, and it's crucial to check for any broader systemic involvement before confirming a diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma.
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An 80-year-old man with a history of Bence-Jones potein (BJP) λ-type multiple myeloma (MM), which had been in remission for 16 years, was examined for shortness of breath and was found to have bilateral pleural and pericardial effusions. A pleural fluid test and a pleural biopsy under local anaesthesia performed by a previous physician failed to make the diagnosis. Despite diuretic therapy, his condition necessitated frequent thoracentesis.

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An 85-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of asymptomatic gross hematuria. Cystoscopy showed a non-papillary sessile tumor about 3 cm in size. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested invasion of surrounding fat tissue.

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Data sets with imbalanced class sizes, where one class size is much smaller than that of others, occur exceedingly often in many applications, including those with biological foundations, such as disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Therefore, it is extremely important to be able to identify data elements of classes of various sizes, as a failure to do so can result in heavy costs. Nonetheless, many data classification procedures do not perform well on imbalanced data sets as they often fail to detect elements belonging to underrepresented classes.

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