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Activation of the High-Affinity Choline Transporter 1 in the Spinal Cord Relieves Stress-Induced Hyperalgesia.
Dig Dis Sci
June 2023
Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Background: The mechanism underlying irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disease with hyperalgesia, remains elusive. The spinal cholinergic system is involved in pain modulation, but its role in IBS is unknown.
Aims: To determine whether high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1, a major determinant of the cholinergic signaling capacity), is implicated in spinal modulation of stress-induced hyperalgesia.
Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in Microglia and Their Regulation of Microglial M1/M2 Polarization.
Int J Mol Sci
August 2022
Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
Background: Microglia are key cells of the immune system in the central nervous system and are suggested to be deeply involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. It is well known that microglia have functional plasticity, with an inflammatory M1 phenotype and an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Inhibition of choline transport in macrophages has been reported to suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProtein kinase C promotes choline transporter‑like protein 1 function via improved cell surface expression in immortalized human hepatic cells.
Mol Med Rep
February 2020
Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160‑8402, Japan.
Choline is used to synthesize phospholipids and a lack of choline induces a number of liver‑related diseases, including non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis. The current study characterized the choline uptake system, at molecular and functional levels, in the immortalized human hepatic cell line, Fa2N‑4, to identify the specific choline transporter involved in choline uptake. The present study also assesed whether choline deficiency or the inhibited choline uptake affected cell viability and apoptosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel regulatory systems for acetylcholine release in rat striatum and anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs.
J Neurochem
June 2019
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
Regulation of neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system is complex. Here, we investigated regulatory mechanisms for acetylcholine (ACh) release from cholinergic neurons by performing superfusion experiments with rat striatal segments after labelling the cellular ACh pool with [ H]choline. Electrical stimulation-evoked pronounced [ H]ACh release from cholinergic neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcetylcholine receptors in the equatorial region of intrafusal muscle fibres modulate mouse muscle spindle sensitivity.
J Physiol
April 2019
Department of Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, D-82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
Key Points: Acetylcholine receptors are aggregated in the central regions of intrafusal muscle fibres. Single unit muscle spindle afferent responses from isolated mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle were recorded in the absence of fusimotor input to ramp and hold stretches as well as to sinusoidal vibrations in the presence and absence of the acetylcholine receptor blockers d-tubocurarine and α-bungarotoxin. Proprioceptive afferent responses to both types of stretch were enhanced in the presence of either blocker.
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