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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) manifests early in the olfactory system, yet its precise role in the pathophysiology of AD remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the progression of olfactory dysfunction in AD by investigating the dysregulation of the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) and its potential involvement in the formation of abnormal plaques and tangles. A2AR plays a pivotal role in modulating synaptic transmission and neuroinflammation by regulating both neurons and glial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoss of Mist1 alters the characteristics of Paneth cells and impacts the function of intestinal stem cells in physiological conditions and after radiation injury.
J Pathol
January 2025
Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Experimental Research, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and Paneth cells (PCs) reside at the bottom of the crypts of Lieberkühn in the small intestine. Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor Mist1, also named BHLHA15, plays an important role in the maturation of PCs. Since there is an intimate interaction between PCs and ISCs, we speculated that the loss of Mist1 could impact these two neighboring cell types.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuaier polysaccharides inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma via gut microbiota mediated M2 macrophage polarization.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization for Liver Diseases, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Liver cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally, with traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Huaier polysaccharides (HP), being used as a potential treatment strategy.
- HP demonstrated limited effectiveness against human and mouse HCC cells in vitro, but showed stronger anti-HCC effects in animal models, largely mediated by macrophage activity.
- The study found that HP alters gut microbiota and enhances pro-inflammatory responses while affecting M2 macrophage polarization, suggesting the importance of gut microbiota in HP's efficacy against liver cancer.
NS1 binding protein regulates stress granule dynamics and clearance by inhibiting p62 ubiquitination.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Nanotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea.
The NS1 binding protein, known for interacting with the influenza A virus protein, is involved in RNA processing, cancer, and nerve cell growth regulation. However, its role in stress response independent of viral infections remains unclear. This study investigates NS1 binding protein's function in regulating stress granules during oxidative stress through interactions with GABARAP subfamily proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrastructural disturbances in microglia-neuron interactions in the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
December 2024
Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 34, 115522, Moscow, Russia.
Previously we found altered microglia-neuron interactions in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that microglia-neuron interactions may be dysregulated in the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia. A postmortem ultrastructural morphometric study was performed to investigate satellite microglia (SatMg) and adjacent neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus in 21 cases of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls.
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