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Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

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The gut microbiota influences the reactivity of the immune system, and has emerged as an anti-inflammatory commensal. Here, we investigated whether its lysate could prevent severe forms of neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice and how this preventive strategy affects the gut microbiota and immune response. Lysate of anaerobically cultured (Pd lysate) was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice in four weekly doses.

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Hydrophobins are small amphiphilic proteins that confer filamentous fungal hydrophobicity needed for hyphal growth, development, dispersal and adhesion to host and substrata. In insect-pathogenic Beauveria bassiana, nine hydrophobins (class I Hyd1A-F and class II Hyd2A-C) were proven to localize on the cell walls of aerial hyphae and conidia but accumulate in the vacuoles and vesicles of submerged hyphae and blastospores, respectively. Conidial hydrophobicity, adhesion to insect cuticle, virulence via normal cuticle infection and dispersal potential were significantly more reduced by the hyd1A deletion leading to complete ablation of slender rodlets on conidial coat than the hyd1B deletion, which caused a failure to assemble morphologically irregular rodlets into orderly bundles.

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