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Sugar signals from oral glucose transporters elicit cephalic-phase insulin release in mice.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Department of Oral Physiology, Graduate School of Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 700-8525, Okayama, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1, Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, 700-8525, Okayama, Japan; Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama, Japan. Electronic address:
Cephalic-phase insulin release (CPIR) occurs before blood glucose increases after a meal. Although glucose is the most plausible cue to induce CPIR, peripheral sensory systems involved are not fully elucidated. We therefore examined roles of sweet sensing by a T1R3-dependent taste receptor and sugar sensing by oral glucose transporters in the oropharyngeal region in inducing CPIR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanism for exercise-mediated prevention against muscle wasting on extensor digitorum longus muscle in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii fatty rats.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-Ku, 216-8511, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan; Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address:
We previously reported the significant increase in limb muscle strength and cross-sectional area of the type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle in a type 2 diabetic animal model, with Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats (n = 6) undergoing regular treadmill exercise from 8 to 16 weeks of age compared with sedentary SDT fatty rats (n = 6). This study investigated the mechanism by which exercise training prevented skeletal muscle wasting in the EDL muscle of the SDT fatty rats. The endurance exercise for 8 weeks downregulated the expression of muscle RING-finger protein-1 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) and upregulated the expression of CD31, insulin receptor substrate-2, and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the EDL muscle of 16-week-old SDT fatty rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStudy protocol of the PRINCESS trial-PReoperative INtermittent fasting versus CarbohydratE loading to reduce inSulin resiStance versus standard of care in orthopaedic patients: a randomised controlled trial.
BMJ Open
January 2025
Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Introduction: Surgical trauma induces a metabolic stress response, resulting in reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperglycaemia. Postoperative insulin resistance (IR) is associated with postoperative complications, and extended preoperative fasting may further aggravate the postoperative metabolic stress response. Nutritional strategies, such as carbohydrate loading (CHL), have been successfully used to attenuate postoperative IR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanism of TGIF1 on glycolipid metabolism disorders in mice with type 2 diabetes.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
January 2025
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from the inefficiency of insulin. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1) in the glycolipid metabolism of mice with T2D.
Research Design And Methods: Mice with T2D were induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection.
Short- and long-term glycemic effects of pasireotide in patients with acromegaly: a comprehensive case study with review of literature.
Endocr J
January 2025
Department of Molecular Diagnosis, Chiba University Graduate school of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
Pasireotide (PAS), a multireceptor somatostatin analog, has been demonstrated to effectively control hormone levels, including those of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), in patients with acromegaly. However, it induces hyperglycemia by inhibiting insulin secretion via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5). Despite the extensive literature on the occurrence of PAS-induced hyperglycemia, there is still no consensus on the optimal first-line treatment for this complication.
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