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Structural basis for metal ion transport by the human SLC11 proteins DMT1 and NRAMP1.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Iron and manganese are essential nutrients whose transport across membranes is catalyzed by members of the SLC11 family. In humans, this protein family contains two paralogs, the ubiquitously expressed DMT1, which is involved in the uptake and distribution of Fe and Mn, and NRAMP1, which participates in the resistance against infections and nutrient recycling. Despite previous studies contributing to our mechanistic understanding of the family, the structures of human SLC11 proteins and their relationship to functional properties have remained elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynaptic Targets and Cellular Sources of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-3 Expressing Nerve Terminals in Relation to GABAergic Neurons in the Human Cerebral Cortex.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) regulates synaptic transmission through presynaptic receptors in nerve terminals, and its physiological roles are of clinical relevance. The cellular sources and synaptic targets of CB1-expressing terminals in the human cerebral cortex are undefined. We demonstrate a variable laminar pattern of CB1-immunoreactive axons and electron microscopically show that CB1-positive GABAergic terminals make type-2 synapses innervating dendritic shafts (69%), dendritic spines (20%) and somata (11%) in neocortical layers 2-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHistochemical analysis of osteoclast and osteoblast distributions on hydroxyapatite/collagen bone-like nanocomposite embedded in rat tibiae.
J Oral Biosci
January 2025
Bioceramics Group, Research Center for Macromoleclules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan. Electronic address:
Objectives: Hydroxyapatite (HAp)/collagen (Col) cylinders with laminated collagen layers were implanted into the tibial diaphysis of rats and examined histochemically to clarify how the orientation of HAp and Col bone-like nanocomposite fibers in HAp/Col blocks affects bone resorption and formation.
Methods: HAp/Col fibers were synthesized and compressed into cylindrical blocks to mimic bone nanostructures. These were implanted into the cortical bone cavities of 10-week-old male Wistar rats with fiber bundles parallel to the tibial surface.
Cryo-EM structure of an activated GPR4-Gs signaling complex.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Article Synopsis
- G protein-coupled receptor 4 (GPR4) is part of a group called proton-sensing GPCRs that respond to pH changes and regulate various physiological functions, with its overactivation noted in acidic tumor environments.
- Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the 3D structures of zebrafish GPR4 at different pH levels, revealing important histidine and acidic residues that affect its proton-sensing ability, alongside key triad residues.
- The study also identified a cluster of aromatic residues in GPR4's orthosteric pocket that may play a crucial role in transferring signals to the inside of the cell, laying the groundwork for further research on psGPCRs.
Pollen and Stigma Morphology, Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Wittmackia Species (Bromeliaceae) by Light, Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Microsc Res Tech
January 2025
Programa de Pós-graduação Em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal Do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Programa de Pós-graduação Em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil.
The genus Wittmackia has 44 species distributed in two centers of diversity: the Brazilian clade and the Caribbean clade. The Brazilian clade includes 29 species, with geographic distribution concentrated in the Northeast of Brazil. This study reports the morphology, ultrastructure, pollen viability and stigma receptivity by different microscopy techniques of 23 species of the genus Wittmackia endemic to Brazil and occurring in Atlantic Forest areas.
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