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Glycemic and Insulinemic Responses of Healthy Humans to a Nutrition Bar with or without Added Fibersym RW, a Cross-Linked Phosphorylated RS4-Type Resistant Wheat Starch.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
October 2022
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
The current study compared postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to four nutrition bars containing two different doses of resistant starch type-4. Normoglycemic adults ( = 17) completed six treatments, consuming either 50 g or 30 g digestible carbohydrate as: dextrose beverages (DEX), control puffed wheat bars (PWB), or RS4 test bars (RS4). Glucose (mg/dL) and insulin (µIU/mL) were measured at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsight into the pulmonary molecular toxicity of heated tobacco products using human bronchial and alveolar mucosa models at air-liquid interface.
Sci Rep
September 2022
Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- Heated tobacco products (HTP) are new ways to deliver nicotine that use heat instead of burning to create a smoke-like aerosol.
- Experiments showed that HTP smoke caused damage in lung models, including increased harmful substances and changes in genes that could affect health.
- The study suggests more research is needed to understand the risks of different HTP flavors and how they affect people.
E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs.
Crit Rev Toxicol
March 2022
Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
"E-Cigarette (e-cig) Vaping-Associated Acute Lung Injury" (EVALI) has been linked to vitamin-E-acetate (VEA) and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), due to their presence in patients' e-cigs and biological samples. Lacking standardized methodologies for patients' data collection and comprehensive physicochemical/toxicological studies using real-world-vapor exposures, very little data are available, thus the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of EVALI is still unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of existing literature on clinical/epidemiological features and physicochemical-toxicological characterization of vaping emissions associated with EVALI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women: occurrences, related factors, and association with maternal hormones.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
May 2022
School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate phthalate metabolite levels in pregnant women, to explore the factors influencing exposure, and to assess phthalate metabolite levels in relation to thyroid hormone synthesis. We recruited 463 pregnant women and collected urine, blood, and questionnaire data at participant's first prenatal examination. Ten phthalate metabolites were analyzed: mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP); mono-methyl phthalate (MMP); mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP); mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP); mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP); mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP); and the metabolite of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), which were mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate, and mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnatomy and evolution of a DNA replication origin.
Chromosoma
September 2021
Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Box G - Sidney Frank Life Sciences Building room 260, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
DNA amplification occurs at the DNA puff II/9A locus in the fungus fly Sciara coprophila. As a foundation to study the molecular mechanism for the initiating events of II/9A DNA re-replication, we have sequenced 14 kb spanning a DNase hypersensitive site (DHS) upstream of the 1 kb amplification origin and through transcription units II/9-1 and II/9-2 downstream of the origin. These elements are annotated as well as the ORC binding site at the origin and the transition point (TP) between continuous and discontinuous DNA syntheses that marks the origin of bidirectional replication at the nucleotide level.
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