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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of severe gastric laceration with active bleeding: A case report.

World J Gastrointest Endosc

January 2025

Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China.

Background: Endoscopic therapy is the primary approach for treating Mallory-Weiss syndrome, particularly under conditions of mucosal protection and gastric acid suppression. However, for a subset of patients who cannot undergo endoscopic intervention or for whom such treatment proves ineffective, alternative measures like arterial embolization or surgical intervention may be required. While hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been applied across a range of medical conditions, its application in managing hemorrhage due to gastric tears remains undocumented.

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Introduction: Most studies have shown a declining incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in recent years. Data regarding mortality were controversial; in non-variceal bleeding, the increasing age of the population, increased use of anti-thrombotic and anticoagulant therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are counterbalanced by the progress in endoscopic therapy with stable mortality.

Material And Method: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study that included patients admitted with UGIB in Clinical Emergency Hospital Craiova during 2013-2020.

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A 77-year-old woman underwent CT to evaluate haematemesis. The images showed that the third part of the duodenum flexed steeply on the right side of the aorta and ran caudally, without crossing anterior to the aorta. The duodenal-jejunal junction and jejunum were located on the patient's right side.

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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) is a common cause of gastroesophageal bleeding. Vomiting increases intra-abdominal and intra-esophageal pressures, causing hyperextension of the esophagogastric junction and laceration. Most affected patients respond well to conservative treatment; however, those with active bleeding require endoscopic intervention.

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Article Synopsis
  • VA-ECMO techniques have advanced and are particularly beneficial for patients with reversible low cardiac output, such as the case of a 21-year-old male with congenital heart disease who experienced severe shock following an upper gastrointestinal bleed.
  • Initial treatments included intubation, fluid resuscitation, and emergency endoscopy to control active bleeding, but the patient's condition worsened, leading to the need for VA-ECMO support due to severe ventricular dysfunction and high lactate levels.
  • After optimizing care in the ICU and adjusting ventilation strategies, the patient's condition stabilized, allowing for extubation and the discontinuation of certain medications, reflecting a positive recovery trajectory.
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