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Preclinical liver toxicity models: Advantages, limitations and recommendations.
Toxicology
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology, Dr. A.L.M. Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India.
Experimental animal models are crucial for elucidating the pathophysiology of liver injuries and for assessing new hepatoprotective agents. Drugs and chemicals such as acetaminophen, isoniazid, valproic acid, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride (CCl), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and thioacetamide (TAA) are metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme, producing hepatotoxic metabolites that lead to both acute and chronic liver injuries. In experimental settings, acetaminophen (centrilobular necrosis), carbamazepine (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation), sodium valproate (necrosis, hydropic degeneration and mild inflammation), methotrexate (sinusoidal congestion and inflammation), and TAA (centrilobular necrosis and inflammation) are commonly used to induce various types of acute liver injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecies-specific renal and liver responses during infection with food-borne trematodes Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, or Clonorchis sinensis.
PLoS One
December 2024
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia.
Article Synopsis
- * In hamster models, researchers found that liver damage varied by species, with O. viverrini linked to a specific type of cancer and O. felineus and C. sinensis causing similar liver fibrosis.
- * A significant correlation was identified between liver and kidney damage, suggesting a connection in the disease progression caused by these parasites. Future research is encouraged to understand serious complications and the role of other factors in liver fluke-related carcinogenesis
NDMA enhances claudin-1 and -6 expression viaCYP2E1/ROS in AGS cells.
Toxicol In Vitro
January 2025
Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico. Electronic address:
Carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, especially N-nitroso dimethylamine, increase the risk of gastric cancer development. Cytochrome P450-2E1 metabolizes this compound, thus generating an oxidant microenvironment. We aimed to evaluate in gastric adenocarcinoma cells if its effect on CYP2E1 and ROS affects signaling pathways associated with gastric cancer oncogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPBPK model-based gender-specific risk assessment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) using human biomonitoring data.
Arch Toxicol
October 2024
College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
Article Synopsis
- The study assesses human exposure to NDMA by comparing biomonitoring measurements in healthy Korean men and women to gender-specific exposure guidance values.
- A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed, incorporating physiological and biochemical parameters, to better understand how NDMA is processed in the body.
- Findings revealed that daily exposures to NDMA are approximately 3.95 μg/day/kg for men and 10.60 μg/day/kg for women, providing essential data for future risk management and regulatory decisions.
Hexane insoluble fraction from purple rice extract improves steatohepatitis and fibrosis inhibition of NF-κB and JNK signaling.
Food Funct
August 2024
Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku 467-8601, Nagoya, Japan.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is fatty liver mainly related to metabolic syndrome. NAFLD with inflammation and hepatocellular damage is defined as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We have previously reported that a hexane insoluble fraction from an anthocyanin-rich purple rice ethanolic extract (PRE-HIF) can suppress prostate carcinogenesis.
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