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Approximately five million live ruminants are imported annually into Saudi Arabia. The majority of these animals are imported shortly before the pilgrimage season from Sudan and the Horn of Africa, where foot and mouth disease (FMD) is known to be enzootic. This study was designed to investigate the impact of the importation of these live ruminants on the epizootiology of FMD in Saudi Arabia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSwine vesicular disease, studies on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epizootiology: a review.
Vet Q
October 2000
Department of Mammalian Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health, ID-Lelystad, The Netherlands.
Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious viral disease of swine. It causes vesicular lesions indistinguishable from those observed of foot-and-mouth disease. Infection with SVD virus (SVDV) can lead to viraemia within 1 day and can produce clinical signs 2 days after a pig has come into contact with infected pigs or a virus-contaminated environment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Foot-and-mouth disease: clinical aspects, epizootiology and diagnosis].
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd
February 1999
Instituut voor Dierhouderij en Diergezondheid, ID-DLO, Afdeling Zoogdier Virologie, Lelystad.
A description of the clinical signs, differential diagnosis, epizootiology and laboratory diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease in ruminants and pigs is given. Clinical signs are most easily recognised in cattle and pigs. Sheep and goats with foot-and-mouth disease do not show distinct clinical signs and can easily be missed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA congenital persistent infection of bovine virus diarrhoea virus in pigs: clinical, virological and immunological observations.
Vet Q
September 1997
Institute of Animal Science and Health, Department of Virology, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
We report on a lifelong 'carrier' state of non-cytopathic bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in an otherwise healthy pig. Three out of 13 pigs of a litter congenitally infected with BVDV survived for more than 3 months. One pig was BVDV seropositive at 1 month, the second seroconverted between 6 and 8 months, and the third remained viraemic and BVDV-immunotolerant until slaughter at 26 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of live animal importation on the epizootiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Saudi Arabia.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr
October 1994
National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia imports annually more than 6 millions live ruminants for slaughter. The majority of these animals are imported from countries where foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is enzootic. Serotypes of FMD virus not incorporated in the vaccine currently used in Saudi Arabia (e.
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