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Shifts in the spatiotemporal profile of inflammatory phenotypes of innate immune cells in the rat brain following acute intoxication with the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate.
J Neuroinflammation
November 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Acute intoxication with cholinesterase inhibiting organophosphates (OP) can produce life-threatening cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). Survivors often develop long-term neurological consequences, including spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) and impaired cognition. Numerous studies implicate OP-induced neuroinflammation as a pathogenic mechanism contributing to these chronic sequelae; however, little is known about the inflammatory phenotype of innate immune cells in the brain following acute OP intoxication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroprotection by 4R-cembranoid against Gulf War Illness-related Chemicals is mediated by ERK, PI3K, and CaMKII pathways.
Neuropharmacology
February 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, 00956, USA. Electronic address:
Gulf War Illness (GWI) has been consistently linked to exposure to pyridostigmine (PB), N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), permethrin (PER), and traces of sarin. In this study, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP, sarin surrogate) and the GWI-related chemicals were found to reduce the number of functionally active neurons in rat hippocampal slices. These findings confirm a link between GWI neurotoxicants and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)-mediated excitotoxicity, which was successfully reversed by Edelfosine (a phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ3) inhibitor) and Flupirtine (a Kv7 channel agonist).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced carboxymethyl cellulose strip imprinted with benzotrifluoride-bearing hydrazone sensor for colorimetric detection of organophosphonates.
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
The colorless and odorless nerve agents can cause paralysis and even death. The development of novel composite-based microporous strips has allowed for the rapid and visual detection of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DIPF) nerve agent mimics. The active methyl-containing tricyanofuran and 4-aminobenzotrifluoride diazonium salt were azo-coupled in a straightforward manner to produce a new benzotrifluoride (BFT)-comprising tricyanofuran (TCF) hydrazone colorimetric probe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA longitudinal MRI and TSPO PET-based investigation of brain region-specific neuroprotection by diazepam versus midazolam following organophosphate-induced seizures.
Neuropharmacology
June 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Electronic address:
Acute poisoning with organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors (OPs), such as OP nerve agents and pesticides, can cause life threatening cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). Survivors often experience significant morbidity, including brain injury, acquired epilepsy, and cognitive deficits. Current medical countermeasures for acute OP poisoning include a benzodiazepine to mitigate seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuantitative T mapping-based longitudinal assessment of brain injury and therapeutic rescue in the rat following acute organophosphate intoxication.
Neuropharmacology
May 2024
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. Electronic address:
Acute intoxication with organophosphate (OP) cholinesterase inhibitors poses a significant public health risk. While currently approved medical countermeasures can improve survival rates, they often fail to prevent chronic neurological damage. Therefore, there is need to develop effective therapies and quantitative metrics for assessing OP-induced brain injury and its rescue by these therapies.
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