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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)60793-6DOI Listing

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Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in up to 50% of cardiac surgical patients and is often hemodynamically mediated. Point-of-care ultrasound is a non-invasive tool that has the potential to characterize intrarenal hemodynamics and predict the risk of AKI.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the predictive characteristics of intrarenal arterial and venous Doppler markers for postoperative AKI in cardiac surgical patients.

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Renal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) represent an uncommon vascular condition characterized by an abnormal direct communication between an intrarenal artery and vein. Though asymptomatic in many individuals, treatment is often indicated if the AVM causes flank pain, hematuria, or medically refractory hypertension, or if there is an associated renal artery aneurysm. We present a case of a large right renal AVM with associated renal artery aneurysm and large varix which was incidentally found on magnetic resonance imaging of the spine.

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Currently, renal arteriovenous thrombosis induced by Covid-19 infection in patients after renal transplantation is very rare. We present a recent kidney transplant recipient who developed Covid-19 infection and later developed intrarenal small artery thrombosis. Finally, the patient's respiratory tract infection symptoms gradually disappeared after treatment.

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Renal arteriovenous malformation is a primarily congenital renal vascular abnormality. It is usually diagnosed incidentally on imaging, and the most common subtype is 'cirsoid', consisting of multiple, enlarged arterial feeders interconnecting with draining veins. We present a 74-year-old woman with an incidental finding of what was at first considered a hypervascularised kidney tumour but turned out to be a left intrarenal arteriovenous malformation associated with a left renal vein thrombosis.

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