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Administration of antigenically distinct influenza viral particle combinations as an influenza vaccine strategy.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
One approach for developing a more universal influenza vaccine is to elicit strong immune responses against canonically immunosubdominant epitopes in the surface exposed viral glycoproteins. While standard vaccines typically induce responses directed primarily against mutable epitopes in the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain, there are generally limited or variable responses directed against epitopes in the relatively more conserved HA stalk domain and neuraminidase (NA) proteins. Here we describe a vaccine approach that utilizes a combination of wildtype (WT) influenza virus particles along with virus particles engineered to display a trimerized HA stalk in place of the full-length HA protein to elicit both responses simultaneously.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhlorotannin-Rich Seaweed Extract Inhibits Influenza Infection.
Viruses
December 2024
Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Seaweed-derived compounds are a renewable resource utilised in the manufacturing and food industry. This study focuses on an enriched seaweed extract (ESE) isolated from The ESE was screened for antiviral activity by plaque reduction assays against influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 H1N1 (PR8), A/X-31 H3N2 (X31) and A/England/195/2009 H1N1 (Eng195), resulting in the complete inhibition of infection. Time of addition assays and FACS analysis were used to help determine the modes of action.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-resolution melting analysis for detection of nucleotide mutation markers in the polymerase-acidic (PA) gene of influenza virus that are associated with baloxavir marboxil resistance.
Arch Virol
January 2025
Department Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
The I38T substitution in the influenza virus polymerase-acidic (PA) subunit is a resistance marker of concern for treatment with the antiviral baloxavir marboxil (BXM). Thus, monitoring PA/I38T mutations is of clinical importance. Here, we developed three rapid and sensitive assays for the detection and monitoring of the PA/I38T mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparison of neuraminidase inhibiting antibody responses elicited by egg- and cell-derived influenza vaccines.
Vaccine
February 2025
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Electronic address:
Unlabelled: Neuraminidase (NA)-specific antibodies contribute to immunity against influenza. While studies have demonstrated increased NA inhibiting (NAI) antibody titers after vaccination with egg-derived inactivated influenza vaccines (eIIV), the response to cell culture-derived (c) IIV has not been reported.
Methods: An immunogenicity sub-study was performed within a clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of egg, cell, and recombinant hemagglutinin (HA)-derived influenza vaccines during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 influenza seasons.
Identification of a broad-inhibition influenza neuraminidase antibody from pre-existing memory B cells.
Cell Host Microbe
January 2025
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-Omics in Infection and Immunity, Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:
Identifying broadly reactive B precursor cells and conserved epitopes is crucial for developing a universal flu vaccine. In this study, using influenza neuraminidase (NA) mutant probes, we find that human pre-existing NA-specific memory B cells (MBCs) account for ∼0.25% of total MBCs, which are heterogeneous and dominated by class-unswitched MBCs.
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