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Novel T Cell reactivities to Hybrid Insulin Peptides in Islet Autoantibody-Positive At-Risk Subjects.
Diabetes
January 2025
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. Our studies indicate that CD4 T cells reactive to Hybrid Insulin Peptides (HIPs) play a critical role in T cell-mediated beta-cell destruction. We have shown that HIPs form in human islets between fragments of the C-peptide and cleavage products of secretory granule proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvolving Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in East Asia.
Endocrinol Metab (Seoul)
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
In East Asians, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is primarily characterized by significant defects in insulin secretion and comparatively low insulin resistance. Recently, the prevalence of T2DM has rapidly increased in East Asian countries, including Korea, occurring concurrently with rising obesity rates. This trend has led to an increase in the average body mass index among East Asian T2DM patients, highlighting the influence of insulin resistance in the development of T2DM within this group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial succinate promotes the response to metformin by upregulating secretory immunoglobulin a in intestinal immunity.
Gut Microbes
December 2025
Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, many patients respond poorly to this drug in clinical practice. The potential involvement of microbiota-mediated intestinal immunity and related signals in metformin responsiveness has not been previously investigated. In this study, we successfully constructed a humanized mouse model by fecal transplantation of the gut microbiota from clinical metformin-treated - responders and non-responders, and reproduced the difference in clinical phenotypes of responsiveness to metformin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsulin-Sensitizing Properties of Decoctions from Leaves, Stems, and Roots of L.
Molecules
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P. O. Box 9086, Ethiopia.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance and impaired beta-cell secretory function. Since existing treatments often present side effects based on different mechanisms, alternative therapeutic options are needed. In this scenario, the present study first evaluates the cytotoxicity of decoctions from the leaves, stems, and roots of L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Effects of GLP-1 and GLP-2 on Beta-Cell Function, Glucose Homeostasis and Appetite Regulation.
Biomolecules
November 2024
Centre for Diabetes, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) are related intestinal L-cell derived secretory products. GLP-1 has been extensively studied in terms of its influence on metabolism, but less attention has been devoted to GLP-2 in this regard. The current study compares the effects of these proglucagon-derived peptides on pancreatic beta-cell function, as well as on glucose tolerance and appetite.
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