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Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) are major global health challenges, with high morbidity and mortality rates. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria may diminish the effectiveness of standard empirical antibiotics, highlighting the need for broader-spectrum agents that target also MDR organisms.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes findings from a PubMed search on the use of ceftobiprole in CAP and HAP.

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Purpose Of Review: Antimicrobial resistance is an escalating public health threat in Africa, and an awareness of the devastating impact on children is growing. This review highlights the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among children in Africa, focusing on pathogens responsible for bloodstream infections, community-acquired pneumonia, bacterial meningitis, neonatal infections, diarrhea and malaria. Current strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance in pediatric populations are discussed.

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Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Objective: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the treatment outcome of infection.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 476 patients with () infection who were admitted to the internal medicine ward at Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand, from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020 were enrolled. Medical records were reviewed.

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Antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections-a systematic review.

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Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Background: Reducing antibiotic duration is a key stewardship intervention to mitigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We examined current evidence informing antibiotic duration for common bacterial infections to identify any gaps in terms of settings, patient populations and infectious conditions. Trial methodologies were assessed to identify areas for improvement.

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Modeling and simulation of distribution and drug resistance of major pathogens in patients with respiratory system infections.

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Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increase in antimicrobial resistance in respiratory pathogens poses a major challenge to the effective management of these infections.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of major pathogens of RTIs and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in a tertiary care hospital and to develop a mathematical model to explore the relationship between pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance.

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