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Attenuated Getah virus confers protection against multiple arthritogenic alphaviruses.
PLoS Pathog
November 2024
Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Alphaviruses are important arthropod-transmitted pathogens of humans and livestock. Getah virus (GETV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that causes disease in horses and piglets; it also poses a potential threat to humans. A live attenuated vaccine candidate named GETV-3ΔS2-CM1, harbouring a deletion in nonstructural protein 3 and substitutions in the capsid protein, is genetically stable and exhibits robust immunogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis in a type I IFN-dependent manner.
bioRxiv
October 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Arthritogenic alphaviruses cause disease characterized by fever, rash, and incapacitating joint pain. Alphavirus infection stimulates robust inflammatory responses in infected hosts, leading to the upregulation of several cytokines, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF is secreted by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and monocytes and binds to colony stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R, also known as G-CSFR) on the surface of myeloid cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonreciprocity in CHIKV and MAYV Vaccine-Elicited Protection.
Vaccines (Basel)
August 2024
Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a pathogenic arthritogenic alphavirus responsible for large-scale human epidemics for which a vaccine was recently approved for use. Mayaro virus (MAYV) is a related emerging alphavirus with epidemic potential with circulation overlap potential with CHIKV. We previously reported the ability of a non-replicating human adenovirus (AdV)-vectored vaccine expressing the MAYV structural polyprotein to protect against disease in mice following challenge with MAYV, CHIKV and UNAV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Approved Live-Attenuated Chikungunya Virus Vaccine (IXCHIQ) Elicits Cross-Neutralizing Antibody Breadth Extending to Multiple Arthritogenic Alphaviruses Similar to the Antibody Breadth Following Natural Infection.
Vaccines (Basel)
August 2024
Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The recently licensed chikungunya vaccine, IXCHIQ, shows strong cross-neutralizing antibody responses against chikungunya virus and several related alphaviruses.
- The study measured antibody responses at one month, six months, and one year post-vaccination, revealing 100% seroconversion to most viruses tested, except for Ross River virus at 83.3%.
- IXCHIQ appears to provide antibody responses similar to natural chikungunya infections, suggesting it may offer protection to populations at risk from multiple alphavirus infections in areas where the vaccine is deployed.
NCF4 regulates antigen presentation of cysteine peptides by intracellular oxidative response and restricts activation of autoreactive and arthritogenic T cells.
Redox Biol
June 2024
National Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, and Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address:
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematous, are regulated by polymorphisms in genes contributing to the NOX2 complex. Mutations in both Ncf1 and Ncf4 affect development of arthritis in experimental models of RA, but the different regulatory pathways mediated by NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) have not yet been clarified. Here we address the possibility that intracellular ROS, regulated by the NCF4 protein (earlier often denoted p40phox) which interacts with endosomal membranes, could play an important role in the oxidation of cysteine peptides in mononuclear phagocytic cells, thereby regulating antigen presentation and activation of arthritogenic T cells.
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