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Accurate malaria diagnosis with precise identification of Plasmodium species is crucial for an effective treatment. While microscopy is still the gold standard in malaria diagnosis, it relies heavily on trained personnel. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly improved diagnostic capabilities and accuracy by enabling the automated analysis of medical images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pediatr
January 2025
Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri; Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Kansas City, Missouri.
Objectives: To evaluate body mass index (BMI) trajectories over time and to evaluate common comorbidities across a large, nationally representative sample of youth with Down syndrome (DS) STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study included children ages 2 through18 years within the Cerner Health Facts database with a diagnosis of DS and a medical visit between 2010 and 2017. Comorbid conditions were mapped into PheCodes (ie, one or more ICD codes that combine into specific diseases or traits) and were included if they occurred in at least 1% (145 PheCodes) of the sample.
Results: Outcomes trajectories were analyzed through generalized additive mixed models.
Ocul Surf
January 2025
School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a promising approach for addressing various eye-related conditions. Yet, its clinical application faces challenges due to issues such as limited biocompatibility and difficulties in effectively delivering treatment to specific ocular tissues. Recent studies have shifted attention towards MSC-derived exosomes, which share similar regenerative, reparative, and immunomodulatory capabilities with their origin cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychiatr Res
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
The detection of rare or deviant stimuli shares common brain circuits involved in temporal processing and salience, critical for cognitive control. Disruption in these processes may contribute to the mechanisms of the disease and explain cognitive deficits observed in psychosis and related disorders. We designed a neuroimaging study, using oddball task-based functional sequences (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), comparing healthy controls (HC, n = 14, 7 females) and patients with stable psychosis (PSY, n = 20, 10 females).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimage
January 2025
Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
A recently introduced quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique, χ-separation, offers the capability to separate paramagnetic (χ) and diamagnetic (χ) susceptibility distribution within the brain. In-vivo high-resolution mapping of iron and myelin distribution, estimated by χ-separation, could provide a deeper understanding of brain substructures, assisting the investigation of their functions and alterations. This can be achieved using 7T MRI, which benefits from a high signal-to-noise ratio and susceptibility effects.
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