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Is microdosing a placebo? A rapid review of low-dose LSD and psilocybin research.
J Psychopharmacol
August 2024
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Some recent research and commentary have suggested that most or all the effects reported by people who microdose psychedelics may be explained by expectations or placebo effects. In this rapid review, we aimed to evaluate the strength of evidence for a placebo explanation of the reported effects of microdosing. We conducted a PubMed search for all studies investigating psychedelic microdosing with controlled doses and a placebo comparator.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReversal of Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Healthy Volunteers: Comparison of Intranasal Nalmefene and Intranasal Naloxone.
J Clin Pharmacol
July 2024
Indivior, Inc., N, Chesterfield, VA, USA.
An open-label, randomized, crossover study in healthy volunteers compared the reversal of remifentanil-induced respiratory depression by intranasal (IN) naloxone hydrochloride (4 mg) to IN nalmefene (2.7 mg) (NCT04828005). Subjects were administered a hypercapnic gas mixture which produces an elevation in minute ventilation (MV), a result of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emerging science of microdosing: A systematic review of research on low dose psychedelics (1955-2021) and recommendations for the field.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
August 2022
Turner Institute, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia. Electronic address:
The use of low doses of psychedelic substances (microdosing) is attracting increasing interest. This systematic review summarises all empirical microdosing research to date, including a set of infrequently cited studies that took place prior to prohibition. Specifically, we reviewed 44 studies published between 1955 and 2021, and summarised reported effects across six categories: mood and mental health; wellbeing and attitude; cognition and creativity; personality; changes in conscious state; and neurobiology and physiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdults who microdose psychedelics report health related motivations and lower levels of anxiety and depression compared to non-microdosers.
Sci Rep
November 2021
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
The use of psychedelic substances at sub-sensorium 'microdoses', has gained popular academic interest for reported positive effects on wellness and cognition. The present study describes microdosing practices, motivations and mental health among a sample of self-selected microdosers (n = 4050) and non-microdosers (n = 4653) via a mobile application. Psilocybin was the most commonly used microdose substances in our sample (85%) and we identified diverse microdose practices with regard to dosage, frequency, and the practice of stacking which involves combining psilocybin with non-psychedelic substances such as Lion's Mane mushrooms, chocolate, and niacin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this paper, we analyzed medical records of 40 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to explore the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The investigation was based on the results of a previous animal test, which was aimed to investigate and confirme the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The animal test demonstrated that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection has a significant therapeutic effect on the human coronavirus pneumonia for the model mice.
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