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Alkaloids and Nitrosamines in Betel Quid: A Biochemical Exploration of Carcinogenicity.
Chem Biol Interact
January 2025
Department of Community Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
Betel quid contains two major ingredients; Areca catechu and Piper betel, often consumed with slaked lime, tobacco, certain flavouring agents, colouring agents, herbs, and spices according to personal preferences. The areca nut alkaloids (arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, and guvacoline), and tobacco alkaloids (nicotine, nor-nicotine) undergo nitrosation during chewing in the oral cavity with the presence of nitrite and thiocyanate and endogenously. Among the nitrosation products generated areca nut-derived nitrosamine (ADNA): 3-(methylnitrosamino) Propionitrile (MNPN) and the two tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs); N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK) are considered Group 1 human carcinogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative effects of arecoline, caffeine, and nicotine on transcription level in the nucleus accumbens of mice.
Genomics
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China. Electronic address:
Though widely consumed, current research on the neural mechanisms of arecoline, caffeine, and nicotine remains limited, and the similarities and differences of these substances on the nervous system are still not clear. This study used RNA-seq to analyze the gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of mice, and compared the behavioral changes through open field and conditioned place preference (CPP), exploring the effects of different psychoactive substances at transcriptional and behavioral levels. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that nicotine and caffeine significantly alter biological processes related to synaptic function, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes in the nicotine-treated group were significantly more enriched in pathways related to substance dependence, with arecoline showing the least enrichment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdipose-derived stem cell exosomes attenuates myofibroblast transformation via inhibiting autophagy through TGF-β/Smad2 axis in oral submucosal fibrosis.
J Nanobiotechnology
December 2024
Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition that poses substantial health risks. OSF is mainly caused by betel nut chewing behavior, but its pathogenesis is still unclear and there is no effective treatment strategy. The transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblast is the key pathological change in the development of OSF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent Advance on Biological Activity and Toxicity of Arecoline in Edible Areca (Betel) Nut: A Review.
Foods
November 2024
School of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
Areca nut ( L. AN), which is the dried, mature seed of the palm species L., is consumed by over 600 million individuals, predominantly in South Asia, East Africa, and certain regions of the tropical Pacific.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurcumin Alleviates Arecoline-induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis via the FOSL1/MAPK8 Axis.
Cell Biochem Biophys
December 2024
Department of Periodontal Mucosa, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, P.R. China.
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous lesion of the oral cavity. Areca nut consumption can cause OSF through sustained activation of buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). This study explored the effect of curcumin on arecoline-induced BMF activation and its mechanism of action.
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