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Background: Lowering barometric pressure (LP) can exacerbate neuropathic pain. However, animal studies in this field are limited to a few conditions. Furthermore, although sympathetic involvement has been reported as a possible mechanism, whether the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis remains unknown.

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Chronic stress exposure has been widely recognized as a significant contributor to numerous central nervous system (CNS) disorders, leading to debilitating behavioral changes such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments. The prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during chronic stress disrupts the neuroendocrine balance and has detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival. () Gaertn.

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Article Synopsis
  • The coexistence of anxiety or depression with coronary heart disease (CHD) presents significant challenges in treatment strategies within cardiovascular medicine.
  • Recent research highlights the HPA axis as a potential key player in understanding treatment options for individuals with both CHD and anxiety or depression, focusing on its role in regulating inflammation and cellular health.
  • The review emphasizes the HPA axis's importance in the cardiovascular and nervous systems and its potential as a therapeutic biomarker for managing patients with comorbid conditions.
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Accumulating studies have highlighted the links between stress-related networks and the HPA axis for emotion regulation and proved the mapping associations between altered structural and functional networks (called SC-FC coupling) in depression. However, the signatures of SC-FC coupling in subthreshold depression (StD) individuals and their relationships with HPA axis reactivity, as well as the predictive power of these combinations for discriminating StD, remain unclear. This cross-sectional study enrolled 160 adults, including 117 StD and 43 healthy controls (HC).

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Article Synopsis
  • The HPT complex, which includes the hypothalamus, pituitary, and thyroid, operates as a hormone-regulated system that maintains a unique intrinsic equilibrium for each individual, known as the set point.
  • The research emphasizes the importance of mathematical modeling in understanding this system's dynamics, suggesting that validated theoretical representations of the set point can enhance treatment for thyroid patients.
  • Two mathematical methods are introduced for determining this set point, showing that hormone levels approach the set point over time, linking physiological equilibrium with mathematical models based on differential equations.
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