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Self-Assembly of Human Fibrinogen into Microclot-Mimicking Antifibrinolytic Amyloid Fibrinogen Particles.
ACS Appl Bio Mater
January 2025
MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Imaging, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
Recent clinical studies have highlighted the presence of microclots in the form of amyloid fibrinogen particles (AFPs) in plasma samples from Long COVID patients. However, the clinical significance of these abnormal, nonfibrillar self-assembly aggregates of human fibrinogen remains debated due to the limited understanding of their structural and biological characteristics. In this study, we present a method for generating mimetic microclots in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF3D Holo-tomographic Mapping of COVID-19 Microclots in Blood to Assess Disease Severity.
Chem Biomed Imaging
March 2024
Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted health globally. Cumulative evidence points to long-term effects of COVID-19 such as cardiovascular and cognitive disorders, diagnosed in patients even after the recovery period. In particular, micrometer-sized blood clots and hyperactivated platelets have been identified as potential indicators of long COVID.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVascular Pathogenesis in Acute and Long COVID: Current Insights and Therapeutic Outlook.
Semin Thromb Hemost
September 2024
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-a postacute consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection-manifests with a broad spectrum of relapsing and remitting or persistent symptoms as well as varied levels of organ damage, which may be asymptomatic or present as acute events such as heart attacks or strokes and recurrent infections, hinting at complex underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Central to these symptoms is vascular dysfunction rooted in thrombotic endothelialitis. We review the scientific evidence that widespread endothelial dysfunction (ED) leads to chronic symptomatology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersistent Vascular Complications in Long COVID: The Role of ACE2 Deactivation, Microclots, and Uniform Fibrosis.
Infect Dis Rep
June 2024
Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a key regulator in vasoregulation and the renin-angiotensin system, is hypothesized to be downregulated in patients with COVID-19, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications. This deactivation potentially results in increased blood pressure and vessel injury, contributing to the formation and persistence of microclots in the circulation. Herein, we propose a hypothesis regarding the prolonged vascular complications observed in long COVID, focusing on the role of ACE2 deactivation and/or shedding, the persistence of microclots, and the unique pattern of fibrosis induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Long-COVID refers to a variety of symptoms that continue for at least 4 weeks following the onset of acute COVID-19 infection. "Microclots/microvasculopathy" is a potential cutting-edge theory. Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive method used to assess microvascularity.
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