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Accuracy of two-compartment modelling of gas exchange with ventilation-perfusion mismatch in inhalational anesthesia.
Anesthesiology
January 2025
Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Multi-compartment computer models of heterogeneity in alveolar ventilation-perfusion ratios (VA/Q scatter) across the lung explain the significant alveolar-arterial (A-a) partial pressure gradients and associated alveolar dead-space fractions (VDA/VA) seen in anesthetized patients for both carbon dioxide and for anesthetic gases of different blood solubilities. However, the accuracy of a simpler two-compartment model of VA/Q scatter to do this has not been tested or compared to calculations from the traditional Riley model with "ideal", unventilated (shunt) and unperfused (deadspace) compartments.
Methods: Measurements of gas partial pressures in inspired and expired gas and arterial and mixed venous blood from 29 patients undergoing inhalational general anesthesia for cardiac surgery was used to compare the accuracy of two simple models of VA/Q scatter and lung gas exchange in predicting measured alveolar and arterial partial pressure differences, and associated alveolar dead-space calculations for the modern anesthetic gases isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane.
Salicylic acid confers cadmium tolerance in wheat by regulating photosynthesis, yield and ionic homeostasis.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Maxim Gorki, 30, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity and quality can be threatened by soil cadmium (Cd) contamination, posing a concern to food security. Salicylic acid (SA) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule that activates the defense system imparting abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory physiological changes post initiation of neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Eur J Pediatr
January 2025
Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
To assess respiratory changes after neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) initiation in preterm infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Premature infants born less than 32 weeks gestation with evolving or established BPD initiated on invasive or non-invasive (NIV) NAVA were included. Respiratory data: PCO and SpO₂/FiO₂ (S/F) ratio before and at 4, 24, 48 h post-NAVA initiation were collected.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFContinuous Electrochemical Carbon Capture via Redox-Mediated pH Swing─Experimental Performance and Process Modeling.
J Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. St. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
We investigate a continuous electrochemical pH-swing method to capture CO from a gas phase. The electrochemical cell consists of a single cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and a recirculation of a mixture of salt and phenazine-based redox-active molecules. In the absorption compartment, this solution is saturated by CO from a mixed gas phase at high pH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHollow-core optical fiber (HCF) gas cells are an attractive option for many applications including metrology and non-linear optics due to the enhanced gas-light interaction length in a compact and lightweight format. Here, we report the first demonstration and characterization of a selectively pressurized, hermetically sealed hollow-core fiber-based gas cell, where the core is filled with a higher gas pressure than the cladding to enhance the optical performance. This differential gas pressure creates a gas-induced differential refractive index (GDRI) that is shown to enable significant modification of the HCF's optical performance.
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