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Developmental gene expression in the eyes of the pygmy squid Xipholeptos notoides.
J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol
November 2024
Unit for Integrative Zoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
The eyes of squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish are a textbook example for evolutionary convergence, due to their striking similarity to those of vertebrates. For this reason, studies on cephalopod photoreception and vision are of importance for a broader audience. Previous studies showed that genes such as pax6, or certain opsin-encoding genes, are evolutionarily highly conserved and play similar roles during ontogenesis in remotely related bilaterians.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rhodopsin-retinochrome system for retinal re-isomerization predates the origin of cephalopod eyes.
BMC Ecol Evol
November 2021
Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
Background: The process of photoreception in most animals depends on the light induced isomerization of the chromophore retinal, bound to rhodopsin. To re-use retinal, the all-trans-retinal form needs to be re-isomerized to 11-cis-retinal, which can be achieved in different ways. In vertebrates, this mostly includes a stepwise enzymatic process called the visual cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLipids in the origin of intracellular detail and speciation in the Cambrian epoch and the significance of the last double bond of docosahexaenoic acid in cell signaling.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids
March 2021
The Department of Metabolism and Institute of Brain Cemistry and Human Nutrition, Digestion and Reproduction. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital Campus, Imperial College, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom.
One of the great unanswered biological questions is the absolute necessity of the polyunsaturated lipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in retinal and neural tissues. Everything from the simple eye spot of dinoflagellates to cephalopods to every class of vertebrates uses DHA, yet it is abundant only in cold water marine food chains. Docosapentaenoic acids (DPAs; 22:5n-6 and especially 22:5n-3) are fairly plentiful in food chains yet cannot substitute for DHA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeel the light: sight-independent negative phototactic response in octopus arms.
J Exp Biol
March 2021
Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Michmoret 40297, Israel.
Controlling the octopus's flexible hyper-redundant body is a challenging task. It is assumed that the octopus has poor proprioception which has driven the development of unique mechanisms for efficient body control. Here we report on such a mechanism: a phototactic response of extraocular photoreception.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptive colour change and background choice behaviour in peppered moth caterpillars is mediated by extraocular photoreception.
Commun Biol
April 2020
1Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK.
Light sensing by tissues distinct from the eye occurs in diverse animal groups, enabling circadian control and phototactic behaviour. Extraocular photoreceptors may also facilitate rapid colour change in cephalopods and lizards, but little is known about the sensory system that mediates slow colour change in arthropods. We previously reported that slow colour change in twig-mimicking caterpillars of the peppered moth () is a response to achromatic and chromatic visual cues.
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