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Stimulation of Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels inhibits adipogenesis in thyroid eye disease.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary, Address: Hungary, 4032 Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. Tel. +36-52-255-600.
Context: Increased orbital tissue volume due to matrix expansion, orbital fibroblast (OF) proliferation and adipocyte differentiation are the hallmarks of thyroid eye disease (TED). Their combination with the presence of hyaluronan-bound excess water in the constrains of the bony orbit results in increased intraorbital pressure. High intraorbital pressure, along with changes in the mechanical properties of orbital tissues, may lead to the activation of mechanosensitive receptors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBridging the gap between presynaptic hair cell function and neural sound encoding.
Elife
December 2024
Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
Neural diversity can expand the encoding capacity of a circuitry. A striking example of diverse structure and function is presented by the afferent synapses between inner hair cells (IHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea. Presynaptic active zones at the pillar IHC side activate at lower IHC potentials than those of the modiolar side that have more presynaptic Ca channels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe potassium channel subunit K1.8 () is essential for the distinctive outwardly rectifying conductances of type I and II vestibular hair cells.
Elife
December 2024
Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.
In amniotes, head motions and tilt are detected by two types of vestibular hair cells (HCs) with strikingly different morphology and physiology. Mature type I HCs express a large and very unusual potassium conductance, g, which activates negative to resting potential, confers very negative resting potentials and low input resistances, and enhances an unusual non-quantal transmission from type I cells onto their calyceal afferent terminals. Following clues pointing to K1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProteoglycans in Mechanobiology of Tissues and Organs: Normal Functions and Mechanopathology.
Proteoglycan Res
May 2024
Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97201.
Proteoglycans (PGs) are a diverse class of glycoconjugates that serve critical functions in normal mechanobiology and mechanopathology. Both the protein cores and attached glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains function in mechanically-sensitive processes, and loss of either can contribute to development of pathological conditions. PGs function as key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) where they can serve as mechanosensors in mechanosensitive tissues including bone, cartilage, tendon, blood vessels and soft organs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The study observes the single-celled organism *coeruleus* displaying habituation to mechanical stimuli, indicating basic learning capabilities even in simple cells, but the mechanism behind this learning is still unclear.
- Researchers developed a biochemistry-based model that explains how mechanoreceptors in *coeruleus* sense stimuli, leading to changes in cell behavior such as action potential generation and internalization of receptors, a process that could facilitate learning.
- Simulations based on this model successfully replicated key features of habituation, suggesting a link between receptor dynamics and response to stimuli, while new experiments confirmed predictions about habituation patterns in the cell.
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