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Toluene is a cerebral artery constrictor acting via BK channels.
Neuropharmacology
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA. Electronic address:
Acute intoxication by toluene usually follows intentional inhalation to achieve a "high", which may lead to repeated use due to toluene's reinforcing properties. In both acute and chronic intoxication brain function is primarily affected. Neuronal and glial elements participate in toluene's reinforcing properties and chronic toxicity, yet the targets underlying acute toxicity remain unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemaglutide Improves Myocardial Perfusion and Performance in a Large Animal Model of Coronary Artery Disease.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol
December 2024
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Background: Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. It imposes an enormous symptomatic burden on patients, leaving many with residual disease despite optimal procedural therapy and up to one-thirds with debilitating angina amenable neither to procedures, nor to current pharmacological options. Semaglutide (SEM), a GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1) agonist originally approved for management of diabetes, has garnered substantial attention for its capacity to attenuate cardiovascular risk.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiological Studies of the Palatopharyngeal Muscle as a Speech Muscle in the Adjustment of Velar Position during Speech Production.
J Nippon Med Sch
November 2024
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nippon Medical School.
Background: We aimed to investigate the contribution of the palatopharyngeal muscle (PP) as a speech muscle in adjusting the velar position.
Methods: X-ray kinematic analysis of the position of the palatopharyngeal arch and an electromyographic study of the PP during speech were performed in two healthy volunteers.
Results: X-ray kinematic analysis revealed that the palatopharyngeal arch was positioned lower during the production of the low-back vowel /a/.
A Computational Model Reveals How Varying Muscle Activation in the Lateral Pharyngeal Wall and Soft Palate Differentiates Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns.
J Speech Lang Hear Res
December 2024
Department of Human Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Purpose: Finite element (FE) models have emerged as a powerful method to study biomechanical complexities of velopharyngeal (VP) function. However, existing models have overlooked the active contributions of the lateral pharyngeal wall (LPW) in VP closure. This study aimed to develop and validate a more comprehensive FE model of VP closure to include the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle within the LPW as an active component of VP closure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional bias of contractile control in mouse resistance arteries.
Sci Rep
October 2024
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
Constrictor agonists set arterial tone through two coupling processes, one tied to (electromechanical), the other independent (pharmacomechanical) of, membrane potential (V). This dual arrangement raises an intriguing question: is the contribution of each mechanism (1) fixed and proportionate, or (2) variable and functionally biased. Examination began in mouse mesenteric arteries with a vasomotor assessment to a classic G (phenylephrine) or G/G (U46619) agonist, in the absence and presence of nifedipine, to separate among the two coupling mechanisms.
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