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Background white noise increases neuronal activity by reducing membrane fluctuations and slow-wave oscillations in auditory cortex.
Prog Neurobiol
January 2025
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. Electronic address:
The brain faces the challenging task of preserving a consistent portrayal of the external world in the face of disruptive sensory inputs. What alterations occur in sensory representation amidst noise, and how does brain activity adapt to it? Although it has previously been shown that background white noise (WN) decreases responses to salient sounds, a mechanistic understanding of the brain processes responsible for such changes is lacking. We investigated the effect of background WN on neuronal spiking activity, membrane potential, and network oscillations in the mouse central auditory system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBoNT/Action beyond Neurons.
Toxicon
January 2025
National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has expanded its therapeutic uses beyond neuromuscular disorders to include treatments for various pain syndromes and neurological conditions. Originally recognized for blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, BoNT/A's effects extend to both peripheral and central nervous systems. Its ability to undergo retrograde transport allows BoNT/A to modulate synaptic transmission and reduce pain centrally, influencing neurotransmitter systems beyond muscle control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative Study on Sedative and Hypnotic Effects of Crude and Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae: Integration of Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Pharmacological Evaluation.
Curr Comput Aided Drug Des
January 2025
Institute of Geriatrics, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the medicinal properties of SZS before and after processing and provide novel insights into its potential for treating insomnia.
Methods: This study employed the network pharmacology platform to gather information on the chemical composition of SZS, human targets, genes, molecular networks, and pathways associated with insomnia treatment using SZS. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) was utilized to analyze the chemical profiles of crude SZS, parched SZS, and their combined decoction.
Modulatory neurotransmitter genotypes shape dynamic functional connectome reconfigurations.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801.
Dynamic reconfigurations of the functional connectome across different connectivity states are highly heritable, predictive of cognitive abilities, and linked to mental health. Despite their established heritability, the specific polymorphisms that shape connectome dynamics are largely unknown. Given the widespread regulatory impact of modulatory neurotransmitters on functional connectivity, we comprehensively investigated a large set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of their receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters in 674 healthy adult subjects (347 females) from the Human Connectome Project.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluence of age on nicotinic cholinergic regulation of blood flow in rat's olfactory bulb and neocortex.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, 173-0015, Tokyo, Japan.
The olfactory bulb receives cholinergic basal forebrain inputs as does the neocortex. With a focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), this review article provides an overview and discussion of the following findings: (1) the nAChRs-mediated regulation of regional blood flow in the neocortex and olfactory bulb, (2) the nAChR subtypes that mediate their responses, and (3) their activity in old rats. The activation of the α4β2-like subtype of nAChRs produces vasodilation in the neocortex, and potentiates olfactory bulb vasodilation induced by olfactory stimulation.
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