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Endogenous histidine peptides are physiological antioxidants that prevent oligodendrocyte cell death and myelin loss in vivo.
Glia
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Histidine dipeptides (HDs) are synthesized in brain oligodendrocytes by carnosine synthase (carns1), but their role is unknown. Using metabolomics and in vivo experiments with both constitutive and oligodendrocyte-selective carns1-KO mouse models, we found that HDs are critical for oligodendrocyte survival and protect against oxidative stress. Carns1-KO mouse models had lower numbers of mature oligodendrocytes, increased lipid peroxidation, and behavioral changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcute and prolonged effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GF424-derived SOD on antioxidant defense in healthy individuals challenged with intense aerobic exercise.
Free Radic Biol Med
November 2024
Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea; Log(me) Corporation, 232 Saemunan-ro 5-gil, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03182, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cellular functions but can lead to oxidative stress and contribute to degenerative diseases when produced in excess. Maintaining redox balance is essential and can be achieved through innate defense mechanisms or external antioxidants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key enzyme that mitigates intracellular oxidative stress by converting harmful free radicals into hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently neutralized by catalase and glutathione peroxidase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolic Engineering of for Production of a Bioactive Metabolite of Bilirubin.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2024
School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China.
Article Synopsis
- Bilirubin (BR) is a key component of a Chinese medicine, Calculus bovis, and has proven health benefits for conditions like cardiovascular issues, stroke, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
- Recent research focused on developing a method to produce BR through metabolic engineering, rather than extracting it from pig bile, by expressing specific enzymes in a host organism.
- The study successfully enhanced BR production by optimizing various genes and fermentation processes, resulting in a significant yield of 75.5 mg/L of BR, marking a breakthrough in its biosynthesis.
Engineering of a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with simultaneous enhancement in activity and thermostability for efficient biosynthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid.
Appl Environ Microbiol
September 2024
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
Unlabelled: Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) catalyze the oxidation/reduction of hydroxyl/keto groups of steroids with high regio- or stereoselectivity, playing an essential role in producing optically pure chemicals. In this work, a novel approach was developed to simultaneously improve the stability and activity of 7β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7β-HSDH) by combining B-factor analysis and computer-aided prediction. Several advantageous mutants were identified, and the most promising variant, S51Y/P202Y, exhibited 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNMN partially rescues cuproptosis by upregulating sirt2 to increase intracellular NADPH.
Sci Rep
August 2024
School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
Cuproptosis is characterized by lipoylated protein aggregation and loss of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins, which are crucial for a wide range of important cellular functions, including DNA replication and damage repair. Sirt2 and sirt4 are lipoamidases that remove the lipoyl moiety from lipoylated proteins using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a cofactor. However, to date, it is not clear whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a precursor of NAD, affects cellular sensitivity to cuproptosis.
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