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Investigating the synaptic trafficking of AD Biomarker Neuronal Pentraxin 2: Implications for Interneuron and Cholinergic Circuit Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Background: Deficits in interneuron and cholinergic circuits are noted in AD pathology, yet the precise mechanisms of their contribution to cognitive decline in the disease remain elusive. Neuronal Pentraxin 2 (NPTX2), a sensitive marker for synaptic activity and AD progression, is an immediate early gene expressed by pyramidal neurons that functions at excitatory synapses on Parvalbumin interneurons (PV‐IN) to cluster AMPA receptors and strengthen circuit inhibition. NPTX2 is later shed from some synapses into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where reduced NPTX2 levels inversely correlate with hippocampal volume and cognitive performance in individuals with AD/MCI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscriptomic analysis of the inhibition mechanisms against by antibacterial aptamer B4.
Front Vet Sci
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Engineering Research Centre of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, China.
is a common bacterial pathogen in aquaculture, often leading to visceral white spot disease in large yellow croakers (). Previous studies have found that certain aptamers show an efficient antibacterial effect against this pathogen. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of to get insights into the antibacterial and inhibitions mechanisms following exposure to the aptamer B4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlabridin Hypnosis in Zebrafish Larvae Is Associated With Effects on Multiple Anesthetic Target Receptors.
Anesth Analg
November 2024
From the Department of Anesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Background: R-Glabridin is a major flavonoid of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root and known to modulate GABAA receptors, which are targets of many clinical hypnotics. However, R-glabridin hypnotic activity has not been reported in animals.
Methods: Inverted photomotor responses (IPMRs) were used to assess the hypnotic effects of natural R-glabridin and synthetic R/S-glabridin in wild-type zebrafish larvae and transgenic larvae lacking functional GABAA receptor β3 subunits (β30/0).
Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Dementia.
Brain Sci
November 2024
Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services, Baltimore, MD 21215, USA.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 1% of population over age 60. It is defined by motor and nonmotor symptoms including a spectrum of cognitive impairments known as Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Currently, the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for PDD is rivastigmine, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIsoniazid and nicotinic hydrazide hybrids mitigate trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate-induced inflammatory responses and pulmonary granulomas via Syk/PI3K pathways: A promising host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.
Biomed Pharmacother
January 2025
Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Granulomas, dense clusters of immune cells and bacteria, are critical barriers in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Recent advancements in TB management have highlighted granuloma control as a potential host-directed therapy (HDT) strategy. Although isoniazid (INH) is the first-line drug for TB therapy, its efficacy is limited to non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) under granulomatous conditions, necessitating the development of more effective derivatives.
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