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Organ-specific microenvironments drive divergent T cell evolution in acute graft-versus-host disease.
Sci Transl Med
January 2025
Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Tissue-specific T cell immune responses play a critical role in maintaining organ health but can also drive immune pathology during both autoimmunity and alloimmunity. The mechanisms controlling intratissue T cell programming remain unclear. Here, we leveraged a nonhuman primate model of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to probe the biological underpinnings of tissue-specific alloimmune disease using a comprehensive systems immunology approach including multiparameter flow cytometry, population-based transcriptional profiling, and multiplexed single-cell RNA sequencing and TCR sequencing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitoid wasp venoms degrade imaginal discs for successful parasitism.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
Parasitoid wasps, one of the most diverse and species-rich animal groups on Earth, produce venoms that manipulate host development and physiology to exploit resources. However, mechanisms of actions of these venoms remain poorly understood. Here, we discovered that the endoparasitoid wasp, , induces apoptosis, autophagy, and mitotic arrest in the adult tissue precursors of its host larvae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman-derived microRNA 21 regulates indole and L-tryptophan biosynthesis transcripts in the gut commensal .
mBio
January 2025
Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Unlabelled: In the gut, microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by intestinal epithelial cells are secreted into the lumen and can shape the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Crosstalk between gut microbes and the host plays a key role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases, yet little is known about how the miRNA-gut microbiome axis contributes to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Here, we investigate the ability of miR-21, a miRNA that we found decreased in fecal samples from IBS patients, to associate with and regulate gut microbiome function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStructural analysis of extracellular ATP-independent chaperones of streptococcal species and protein substrate interactions.
mSphere
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Unlabelled: During infection, bacterial pathogens rely on secreted virulence factors to manipulate the host cell. However, in gram-positive bacteria, the molecular mechanisms underlying the folding and activity of these virulence factors after membrane translocation are not clear. Here, we solved the protein structures of two secreted parvulin and two secreted cyclophilin-like peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) ATP-independent chaperones found in gram-positive streptococcal species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProinflammatory synergy between protease and superantigen streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins.
Infect Immun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins (Spe proteins) secreted by (group A , GAS) are responsible for scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Most Spes are superantigens that cause excessive inflammation by activating large numbers of T cells. However, Streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) is an exception, which is pro-inflammatory through its protease activity.
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