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Avian influenza in birds: Insights from a comprehensive review.
Vet World
November 2024
Master Program of Veterinary Agribusiness, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
One of the worst zoonotic illnesses, avian influenza (AI), or commonly referred to as bird flu, is caused by viruses belonging to the genus Influenza viruses, which are members of the Orthomyxoviridae family. The harmful effects of AI illness can affect both human and animal health and cause financial losses. Globally, the AI virus lacks political purpose and is not limited by geographical limits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, Türkiye: insights into the eradication of infection.
Vet Res Forum
November 2024
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye.
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an oncogenic deltaretrovirus that has emerged as a potential zoonotic infection. The BLV naturally infects cattle and causes economic losses through a slow persistent infection with various clinical symtoms following preleukosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, Türkiye, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCollaborative study on the cross-reactivity of two influenza B viral components in single radial immunodiffusion assay using quadrivalent influenza vaccines in Japan from 2015/16 to 2021-22 influenza season.
Biologicals
November 2024
Department of Virology III, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan; Center for Quality Management Systems, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan; Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashi-Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan. Electronic address:
A quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) has been available in Japan since the 2015/2016 influenza season. Single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assays are currently used worldwide to measure the hemagglutinin (HA) content of influenza vaccine components because they are simple, accurate, and the regulatory requirement, ensuring consistency in manufacture for the HA content. However, the cross-reactivity of antisera against the two lineages of the influenza B virus (IFVB) may cause inaccurate quantification of HA content in QIVs using the SRID assay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Rapid Virus-Free Method for Producing Influenza HA Immunogen Needed for Preparation of Influenza Vaccine Potency Antisera Reagents.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
October 2024
Division of Viral Products, Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
Background: The potency of inactivated and recombinant influenza vaccines is measured using the single-radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. The strain-specific antigen and antibody potency reagents required for the assay are prepared and distributed by regulatory agencies to ensure vaccine standardization, but timely reagent production is always challenging. This poses unique concerns for rapid pandemic responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearch progress into the principles and methods underlying capsular typing of Glaesserella parasuis.
Vet Res
October 2024
Key Lab of Animal Bacterial Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) is an important bacterial pathogen of swine. Serotype identification has presented a bottleneck in GPS research since it was first identified as the pathogen causing Glässer's disease in pigs in 1910. This paper presents a systematic review of the history of the development and application of gel immunodiffusion (GID), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) typing methods for GPS, and the discovery of their shared antigenic basis.
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