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How to Fabricate Hyaluronic Acid for Ocular Drug Delivery.
Pharmaceutics
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
This review aims to examine existing research on the development of ocular drug delivery devices utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA). Renowned for its exceptional biocompatibility, viscoelastic properties, and ability to enhance drug bioavailability, HA is a naturally occurring biopolymer. The review discussed specific mechanisms by which HA enhances drug delivery, including prolonging drug residence time on ocular surfaces, facilitating controlled drug release, and improving drug penetration through ocular tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIGF-1 Signaling Modulates Oxidative Metabolism and Stress Resistance in ARPE-19 Cells Through PKM2 Function.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy-(DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy.
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) contributes to retinal homeostasis, and its metabolic dysfunction is implied in the development of retinal degenerative disease. The isoform M2 of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is a key factor in cell metabolism, and its function may be affected by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). This study aims to investigate the effect of IGF-1 on PKM2 modulation of RPE cells and whether co-treatment with klotho may preserve it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRemote Ischemic Post-Conditioning (RIC) Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Signaling via Myeloid AMPKα1 in Murine Traumatic Optic Neuropathy (TON).
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center (SJHMC), Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) has been regarded a vision-threatening condition caused by either ocular or blunt/penetrating head trauma, which is characterized by direct or indirect TON. Injury happens during sports, vehicle accidents and mainly in military war and combat exposure. Earlier, we have demonstrated that remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIC) therapy is protective in TON, and here we report that AMPKα1 activation is crucial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQuercetin Alleviates All--Retinal-Induced Photoreceptor Apoptosis and Retinal Degeneration by Inhibiting the ER Stress-Related PERK Signaling.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
All--retinal (atRAL)-induced photoreceptor atrophy and retinal degeneration are hallmark features of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1). The toxicity of atRAL is closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Quercetin, a natural product, is known for its potent antioxidant properties; however, its effects in mitigating atRAL-mediated retinal damage remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe In Vitro Enhancement of Retinal Cell Viability via mA and mC RNA Methylation-Mediated Changes in the Levels of Heme Oxygenase (HO-1) and DNA Damage Repair Molecules Using a 50 Hz Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Field (EMF).
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Interdisciplinary Centre for Preclinical and Clinical Research, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 2a, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland.
Degenerative retinal diseases can lead to blindness if left untreated. At present, there are no curative therapies for retinal diseases. Therefore, effective treatment strategies for slowing the progression of retinal diseases and thus improving patients' life standards are urgently needed.
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