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Background: Recently, a total of 74 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 39 countries, with 672 confirmed Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases identified in 27 countries. Despite progress, Niger experienced cVDPV outbreaks in 2018, highlighting the importance of maintaining AFP surveillance as a tool for polio eradication. This analysis aims to comprehensively assess AFP surveillance trends, patterns, and challenges in Niger, offering insights for public health initiatives in conflict-affected contexts.

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Objective: To analyse vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete polio vaccination in a cohort of children born in 2017-2018, in state capitals and interior region municipalities of Northeast Brazil.

Methods: Household survey of children aged ≤24 months conducted between 2020 and 2022. Vaccination coverage and dropout rates were estimated, as well as factors associated with incomplete vaccination, analyzed by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).

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Polio vaccine hesitancy remains high in Pakistan due to various socio-political, religious, and economic factors. To address this, the government of Pakistan and its international partners such as UNICEF have devised a multipronged communication strategy to counter resistance to polio vaccine in hard-to-reach areas of the country. In this strategy, mainstream news media has been identified as a key stakeholder, as they have the potential to reach a wide range of population and disseminate easy to understand messages including both visuals and text.

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Spatial and Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Heterogeneity of DNAM-1 Receptor-Ligand Interactions That Instructs Intratumoral γδT-cell Activity.

Cancer Res

January 2025

Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.

The dynamic interplay between tumor cells and γδT cells within the tumor microenvironment significantly influences disease progression and immunotherapy outcome. In this study, we delved into the modulation of γδT-cell activation by tumor cell ligands CD112 and CD155, which interact with the activating receptor DNAM-1 on γδT cells. Spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing, as well as spatial metabolomic analysis, from neuroblastoma revealed that the expression levels and localization of CD112 and CD155 varied across and within tumors, correlating with differentiation status, metabolic pathways, and ultimately disease prognosis and patient survival.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study focused on diagnosing Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) in children referred to a pediatric emergency unit between 2011 and 2016.
  • The most common diagnoses were Guillain-Barré Syndrome (80 cases), acute viral myositis (20 cases), Transverse Myelitis Syndrome (6 cases), and Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (6 cases), with all patients testing negative for poliovirus.
  • A unique case of a 2.5-month-old patient presented with symptoms compatible with viral meningitis, highlighting the importance of considering a range of diagnoses when evaluating AFP in children.
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