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Evidence for direct dopaminergic connections between substantia nigra pars compacta and thalamus in young healthy humans.
Front Neural Circuits
January 2025
Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Advanced MRI Research Center, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
The substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), one of the main dopaminergic nuclei of the brain, exerts a regulatory function on the basal ganglia circuitry via the nigro-striatal pathway but its possible dopaminergic innervation of the thalamus has been only investigated in non-human primates. The impossibility of tract-tracing studies in humans has boosted advanced MRI techniques and multi-shell high-angular resolution diffusion MRI (MS-HARDI) has promised to shed more light on the structural connectivity of subcortical structures. Here, we estimated the possible dopaminergic innervation of the human thalamus via an MS-HARDI tractography of the SNc in healthy human young adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElevated CXCL1 triggers dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra of C57BL/6J mice: Evaluation of a novel Parkinsonian mouse model.
Zool Res
January 2025
Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China. E-mail:
Substantial evidence points to the early onset of peripheral inflammation in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), supporting the "body-first" hypothesis. However, there remains a notable absence of PD-specific animal models induced by inflammatory cytokines. This study introduces a novel mouse model of PD driven by the proinflammatory cytokine CXCL1, identified in our previous research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRescue-like behavior in a bystander mouse toward anesthetized conspecifics promotes arousal via a tongue-brain connection.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
Prosocial behaviors are advantageous to social species, but the neural mechanism(s) through which others receive benefit remain unknown. Here, we found that bystander mice display rescue-like behavior (tongue dragging) toward anesthetized cagemates and found that this tongue dragging promotes arousal from anesthesia through a direct tongue-brain circuit. We found that a direct circuit from the tongue → glutamatergic neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) → noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) drives rapid arousal in the anesthetized mice that receive the rescue-like behavior from bystanders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoronin1A regulates the trafficking of alpha synuclein in microglia.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA.
Microglia respond to cytotoxic protein aggregates associated with the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Pathological protein aggregates activate the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome resulting in proinflammatory signaling, secretion, and potentially pyroptotic cell death. We characterized mixed sex primary mouse microglia exposed to microbial stressors and alpha synuclein preformed fibrils (αsyn PFFs) to identify cellular mechanisms related to Parkinson's disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe interaction of tPA with NMDAR1 drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in α-synuclein-mediated neurotoxicity.
J Neuroinflammation
January 2025
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
The thrombolytic protease tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is expressed in the CNS, where it regulates diverse functions including neuronal plasticity, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain-barrier integrity. However, its role in different brain regions such as the substantia nigra (SN) is largely unexplored. In this study, we characterize tPA expression, activity, and localization in the SN using a combination of retrograde tracing and β-galactosidase tPA reporter mice.
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