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Testing for reviewer anchoring in peer review: A randomized controlled trial.
PLoS One
November 2024
School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Objective: Peer review frequently follows a process where reviewers first provide initial reviews, authors respond to these reviews, then reviewers update their reviews based on the authors' response. There is mixed evidence regarding whether this process is useful, including frequent anecdotal complaints that reviewers insufficiently update their scores. In this study, we aim to investigate whether reviewers anchor to their original scores when updating their reviews, which serves as a potential explanation for the lack of updates in reviewer scores.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLLM-Enhanced multimodal detection of fake news.
PLoS One
October 2024
School of Humanities and Communication, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
Fake news detection is growing in importance as a key topic in the information age. However, most current methods rely on pre-trained small language models (SLMs), which face significant limitations in processing news content that requires specialized knowledge, thereby constraining the efficiency of fake news detection. To address these limitations, we propose the FND-LLM Framework, which effectively combines SLMs and LLMs to enhance their complementary strengths and explore the capabilities of LLMs in multimodal fake news detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExplainability pitfalls: Beyond dark patterns in explainable AI.
Patterns (N Y)
June 2024
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA.
To make explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) systems trustworthy, understanding harmful effects is important. In this paper, we address an important yet unarticulated type of negative effect in XAI. We introduce explainability pitfalls (EPs), unanticipated negative downstream effects from AI explanations manifesting even when there is no intention to manipulate users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSuccessful use of the forced choice test for detecting concealment of semantic memory in criminal and intelligence investigations.
Front Psychol
June 2024
Psychology Department, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom.
The current study examined the validity of the forced choice test (FCT) in a forensic scenario when used to detect concealment of semantic memory (SM-FCT). We also compared the SM-FCT validity to the FCT validity in the more commonly investigated episodic memory scenario (EM-FCT). In simulating a scenario of investigating suspected members of a terror organization, 277 students were asked to deceptively deny being enrolled in a college in which they do actually study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerceptions of Cheating Among Students of Health Professions.
J Allied Health
March 2024
Dep. of Health Care Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, 151 Rutledge Ave Box 962, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. Tel 843-792-0012.
For many decades, academic cheating has been prevalent across many institutions and majors. This problem has been exacerbated by new technology that has increased opportunities for students to access and use information dishonestly. There is fear amongst faculty that dishonesty in the academic world could negatively impact professionals in their future careers.
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