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Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in children, Hong Kong, November 2023 to June 2024.

Vaccine X

October 2024

WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

We conducted a test negative study from November 2023 to June 2024, enrolling 4,367 children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Hong Kong. Among the children who tested negative for influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, 56.8 % had received influenza vaccination.

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Biological sex is closely associated with the properties and extent of the immune response, with males and females showing different susceptibilities to diseases and variations in immunity. Androgens, predominantly in males, generally suppress immune responses, while estrogens, more abundant in females, tend to enhance immunity. It is also established that sex hormones at least partially explain sex biases in different diseases, particularly autoimmune diseases in females.

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Unravelling the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on hemostatic and complement systems: a systems immunology perspective.

Front Immunol

January 2025

School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), Department of Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.

The hemostatic system prevents and stops bleeding, maintaining circulatory integrity after injury. It directly interacts with the complement system, which is key to innate immunity. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), dysregulation of the hemostatic and complement systems has been associated with several complications.

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Unlabelled: Some double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown that Azelastine (Aze) high dose (0.15%) was effective in seasonal (SAR) and perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR). However, there was no long-term comparison between Aze 0.

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) emerge as a promising cancer immunotherapy. However, the temporal impact on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, and the nature of anti-tumor immunity post-therapy remain largely unclear. Here we report that CD4 T cells are required for durable tumor control in syngeneic murine models of glioblastoma multiforme after treatment with an oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) engineered to express IL-12.

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