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Biochemistry of Bacterial Biofilm: Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Intervention.
Life (Basel)
January 2025
Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
Biofilms, composed of structured communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, pose a significant challenge due to their heightened resistance to antibiotics and immune responses. This review highlights the mechanisms underpinning antibiotic resistance within bacterial biofilms, elucidating the adaptive strategies employed by microorganisms to withstand conventional antimicrobial agents. This encompasses the role of the extracellular matrix, altered gene expression, and the formation of persister cells, contributing to the recalcitrance of biofilms to eradication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAvian pathogenic Escherichia coli-targeting phages for biofilm biocontrol in the poultry industry.
Vet Microbiol
February 2025
Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland. Electronic address:
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a principal etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality and disease treatment with antibiotics. APEC and its ability to form biofilms on food and processing surfaces contributes to its persistence within farms. Bacteriophages are promising antibacterial agents for combating APEC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOverview of Phage Defense Systems in Bacteria and Their Applications.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
As natural parasites of bacteria, phages have greatly contributed to bacterial evolution owing to their persistent threat. Diverse phage resistance systems have been developed in bacteria during the coevolutionary process with phages. Conversely, phage contamination has a devastating effect on microbial fermentation, resulting in fermentation failure and substantial economic loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfective Endocarditis by Biofilm-Producing Methicillin-Resistant -Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management.
Antibiotics (Basel)
November 2024
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Unity Point Health at St. Luke's Regional Medical Center, 2720 Stone Park Blvd, Sioux City, IA 51104, USA.
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening condition with increasing global incidence, primarily caused by , especially methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA). Biofilm formation by is a critical factor in pathogenesis, contributing to antimicrobial resistance and complicating the treatment of infections involving prosthetic valves and cardiovascular devices. Biofilms provide a protective matrix for MRSA, shielding it from antibiotics and host immune defenses, leading to persistent infections and increased complications, particularly in cases involving prosthetic materials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe potential role of viruses in antibiotic resistance gene dissemination in activated sludge viromes.
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address:
The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in activated sludge (AS) systems poses significant environmental and public health challenges. The role of viruses, primarily bacteriophages, in storing and spreading ARGs in AS systems remains largely unexplored. This study characterized the viral community, virus-associated ARGs (vir_ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) of aerobic AS viromes from eight wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in eastern China.
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