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β-Lactams present several desirable pharmacodynamic features leading to the rapid eradication of many bacterial pathogens. Imipenem (IPM) and cefoxitin (FOX) are injectable β-lactams recommended during the intensive treatment phase of pulmonary infections caused by (Mab). However, their potency against Mab is many-fold lower than against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens for which they were optimized, putting into question their clinical utility.

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Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) is commonly used as an intracanal medicament due to its antimicrobial properties; its antibacterial property depends on the release of hydroxyl ions. By analyzing experimental in vitro studies related to the research question, many studies carried out bacterial inoculation on extracted human teeth or laboratory Petri dishes. This review article seeks to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Aloe vera (AV) against  in comparison to CaOH as an intracanal medicament.

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Background: There is a long-standing belief that bacteriostatic drugs are inherently antagonistic to the action of bactericidal antibiotics. This belief is primarily due to the fact that the action of most bactericidal antibiotics requires the target bacteria to be growing. Since bacteriostatic drugs stop the growth of treated bacteria, these drugs would necessarily work against one another.

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Here we describe bibacillin 1 - a two-component lantibiotic from . The peptides that comprise bibacillin 1 are modified by a class II lanthipeptide synthetase Bib1M producing two peptides with non-overlapping ring patterns that are reminiscent of cerecidin and the short component of the enterococcal cytolysin (CylL''), a virulence factor associated with human disease. Stereochemical analysis demonstrated that each component contains ll-methyllanthionine and dl-lanthionine.

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Traditionally, bacteriostatic antibiotics are agents able to arrest bacterial growth. Despite being traditionally viewed as unable to kill bacterial cells, when they are used clinically the outcome of these drugs is frequently as effective as when a bactericidal drug is used. We explore the dynamics of Escherichia coli after exposure to two ribosome-targeting bacteriostatic antibiotics, chloramphenicol and azithromycin, for thirty days.

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