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Poor efficacy of the combination of clarithromycin, amikacin, and cefoxitin against Mycobacterium abscessus in the hollow fiber infection model.

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Laboratoire des Mycobactéries, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Site, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.

Background: Mycobacterium abscessus (MABS) causes difficult-to-treat pulmonary and extra-pulmonary infections. A combination therapy comprising amikacin, cefoxitin, and a macrolide agent is recommended, but its antimicrobial activity and clinical efficacy is uncertain. Inducible resistance to macrolides (macrolides-iR) has been associated with poor clinical response in pulmonary infections, whilst for extra-pulmonary infections data are scarce.

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Objectives: Amikacin is crucial for treating Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) infections, with resistance primarily attributed to rrs gene mutations. The correlation between specific mutations and amikacin susceptibility, along with the associated fitness cost, requires further investigation.

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