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Activation of S1PR2 on macrophages and the hepatocyte S1PR2/RhoA/ROCK1/MLC2 pathway in vanishing bile duct syndrome.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Surgical Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Immunologic bile duct destruction is a pathogenic condition associated with vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) after liver transplantation and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. As the bile acid receptor sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) plays a critical role in recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages to sites of cholestatic liver injury, S1PR2 expression was examined using cultured macrophages and patient tissues. Bile canaliculi destruction precedes intrahepatic ductopenia; therefore, we focused on hepatocyte S1PR2 and the downstream RhoA/Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) signaling pathway and bile canaliculi alterations using three-dimensional hepatocyte culture models that form obvious bile canaliculus-like networks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn animal model recapitulates human hepatic diseases associated with mutations.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environments and Bio-Resources of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
Heterozygotic mutations are responsible for various congenital diseases in the heart, pancreas, liver, and other organs in humans. However, there is lack of an animal that can comprehensively model these diseases since GATA6 is essential for early embryogenesis. Here, we report the establishment of a knockout zebrafish which recapitulates most of the symptoms in patients with mutations, including cardiac outflow tract defects, pancreatic hypoplasia/agenesis, gallbladder agenesis, and various liver diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of methamphetamine on liver injury in Iraqi male addicts.
Toxicol Rep
December 2024
Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Article Synopsis
- Methamphetamine (METH) is a strong stimulant that disrupts several body processes, making it easy to abuse and causing potential liver damage through oxidative stress and metabolic disruptions.
- A study conducted in Baghdad with 196 male METH addicts revealed significant liver function impairments, particularly decreased albumin levels, compared to 187 healthy controls.
- Liver function tests indicated that certain liver enzymes (ALT, ALP, GGT) were more sensitive in detecting damage linked to METH addiction, showcasing the connection between substance abuse and liver health deterioration.
Hepatocyte differentiation requires anisotropic expansion of bile canaliculi.
Development
November 2024
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
During liver development, bipotential progenitor cells called hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes. Hepatocyte differentiation is uniquely associated with multi-axial polarity, enabling the anisotropic expansion of apical lumina between adjacent cells and formation of a three-dimensional network of bile canaliculi. Cholangiocytes, the cells forming the bile ducts, exhibit the vectorial polarity characteristic of epithelial cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA microvascularizedliver model for disease modeling and drug discovery.
Biofabrication
October 2024
Mimetas US, INC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, United States of America.
Drug discovery for complex liver diseases faces alarming attrition rates. The lack of non-clinical models that recapitulate key aspects of liver (patho)-physiology is likely contributing to the inefficiency of developing effective treatments. Of particular notice is the common omission of an organized microvascular component despite its importance in maintaining liver function and its involvement in the development of several pathologies.
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