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Links between energy budgets, somatic condition, and life history reveal heterogeneous energy management tactics in a group-living mesocarnivore.
Mov Ecol
March 2024
Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Biology, The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, University of Oxford, Tubney House, Abingdon Rd, Tubney, OX13 5QL, UK.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on how different wild animals, specifically European badgers, manage their energy expenditure differently based on individual traits like age and reproductive status, despite being in the same environment.
- Researchers used specialized equipment to measure badgers' movement and energy usage over multiple seasons, gathering data on how these factors impacted their body condition.
- Results indicated significant variability in energy expenditure among badgers, showing that these differences are influenced by the season and individual life-history traits.
Host age structure reshapes parasite symbiosis: collaboration begets pathogens, competition begets virulent mutualists.
Biol Direct
November 2022
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, 20894, USA.
Background: Symbiotic relationships are ubiquitous in the biosphere. Inter-species symbiosis is impacted by intra-specific distinctions, in particular, those defined by the age structure of a population. Older individuals compete with younger individuals for resources despite being less likely to reproduce, diminishing the fitness of the population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe human life history is adapted to exploit the adaptive advantages of culture.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
July 2020
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe AZ, USA.
Humans evolved from an ape ancestor that was highly intelligent, moderately social and moderately dependent on cultural adaptations for subsistence technology (tools). By the late Pleistocene, humans had become highly dependent on culture for subsistence and for rules to organize a complex social life. Adaptation by cultural traditions transformed our life history, leading to an extended juvenile period to learn subsistence and social skills, post-reproductive survival to help conserve and transmit skills, a dependence on social support for mothers of large-brained, very dependent and nutrient-demanding offspring, males devoting substantial effort to provisioning rather than mating, and the cultivation of large social networks to tap pools in information unavailable to less social species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaximum reproductive lifespan correlates with CD33rSIGLEC gene number: Implications for NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in aging.
FASEB J
February 2020
Glycobiology Research and Training Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Humans and orcas are among the very rare species that have a prolonged post-reproductive lifespan (PRLS), during which the aging process continues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from mitochondria and from the NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes of innate immune cells are known to contribute to aging, with the former thought to be dominant. CD33-related-Siglecs are immune receptors that recognize self-associated-molecular-patterns and modulate NOX-derived-ROS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic elevation of glucorticoids late in life generates long lasting changes in physiological state without a life history switch.
Gen Comp Endocrinol
January 2020
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, iEES Paris, UMR 7618, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; ESPE de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 10 rue Molitor, 75016 Paris, France. Electronic address:
Chronic stressors have profound impacts on phenotypes and life history strategies on the short term, but delayed effects of stress experienced late in life remain poorly investigated in wild populations. Here, we used a combined laboratory and field experiment to test if chronic stress late in life has immediate and delayed effects on physiological and demographic traits in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara. We increased plasma corticosterone levels in adults and yearlings during three weeks of the post-reproductive season.
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