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FGF8-mediated gene regulation affects regional identity in human cerebral organoids.
Elife
November 2024
Univ. Côte d'Azur (UniCA), CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Nice, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the morphogen FGF8 affects the development of brain-like structures derived from human stem cells, specifically focusing on its role in establishing cellular diversity and regional identities during early brain development.
- FGF8 treatment led to the formation of various brain regions within the organoids, influencing the identity of neural progenitor cells and the ratio of different types of neurons (GABAergic and glutamatergic).
- The research highlights FGF8's critical role in regulating genes linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting its potential involvement in both healthy brain development and related pathological conditions.
Astrocyte allocation during brain development is controlled by Tcf4-mediated fate restriction.
EMBO J
November 2024
Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Article Synopsis
- Astrocytes in the brain are distributed unequally across regions, affecting advanced brain functions, but how they are allocated is not fully understood.
- This study reveals that the transcription factor 4 (Tcf4) plays a critical role in determining where astrocytes are positioned during development, based on their origin from embryonic cells.
- Loss of Tcf4 leads to misplacement of astrocytes in the wrong brain regions and may contribute to issues seen in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with Tcf4 mutations.
Article Synopsis
- * This study analyzed over 600,000 single-cell transcriptomes from adult and developing mice to create a detailed classification of GABAergic neuron types, revealing a complex organization with numerous subclasses and clusters.
- * The research found that GABAergic neurons often migrate long distances and show variations in gene expression based on their spatial locations, with different stages of development leading to diversity in specific neuron types across various brain regions.
Early Developmental Origins of Cortical Disorders Modeled in Human Neural Stem Cells.
bioRxiv
June 2024
Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
The implications of the early phases of human telencephalic development, involving neural stem cells (NSCs), in the etiology of cortical disorders remain elusive. Here, we explored the expression dynamics of cortical and neuropsychiatric disorder-associated genes in datasets generated from human NSCs across telencephalic fate transitions in vitro and in vivo. We identified risk genes expressed in brain organizers and sequential gene regulatory networks across corticogenesis revealing disease-specific critical phases, when NSCs are more vulnerable to gene dysfunctions, and converging signaling across multiple diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGPS tracking technology and re-visiting the relationship between the avian visual Wulst and homing pigeon navigation.
Behav Brain Res
May 2024
Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy. Electronic address:
Within their familiar areas homing pigeons rely on familiar visual landscape features and landmarks for homing. However, the neural basis of visual landmark-based navigation has been so far investigated mainly in relation to the role of the hippocampal formation. The avian visual Wulst is the telencephalic projection field of the thalamofugal pathway that has been suggested to be involved in processing lateral visual inputs that originate from the far visual field.
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