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A successful positron emission tomography imaging program involving carbon-11 radiotracers demands fast, efficient, and reliable synthesis methods, requiring an on-site cyclotron and radiochemistry group, as well as clinical staff trained to operate under the unique constraints of the carbon-11 radionuclide. This study examines the merits and advantages of a captive solvent 'loop method' of radiolabeling four tracers with the carbon-11 radionuclide, producing the radioligands [C]ER-176, [C]MRB, [C]mHED, and [C]PiB. The 'loop method' is compared against the traditional reactor-based method of carbon-11 methylation in the course of synthesizing the same radiotracers on the identical automated platform.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA review on preparation and application of low-calorie structured lipids in food system.
Food Sci Biotechnol
January 2025
School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan People's Republic of China.
Unlabelled: Low-calorie structured lipids are an advanced form of functional lipids made by changing the position of fatty acids attached to the glycerol backbone. The main reason for their production is to get nutraceutical lipids. Different methods are used to synthesize low-calorie structured lipids, like chemical or enzymatic methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh H Solubility of Perfluorocarbon Solvents and Their Use in Reversible Polarization Transfer from -Hydrogen.
J Phys Chem Lett
January 2025
Centre for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, University of York, Heslington YO10 5NY, United Kingdom.
This research uses perfluorocarbons (PFCs) as effective alternatives to traditional toxic solvents in reversible -hydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) for NMR signal enhancement. Hydrogen solubility in PFCs is shown here to be an order of magnitude higher than in typical organic solvents by determination of Henry's constants. We demonstrate how this high H solubility enables the PFCs to deliver substantial polarization transfer from -hydrogen, achieving up to 2400-fold signal gains for H NMR detection and 67,000-fold (22% polarization) for N NMR detection at 9.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMass Spectrometry-Based Protein Footprinting for Protein Structure Characterization.
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
ConspectusProtein higher-order structure (HOS) is key to biological function because the mechanisms of protein machinery are encoded in protein three-dimensional structures. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein footprinting is advancing protein structure characterization by mapping solvent-accessible regions of proteins and changes in H-bonding, thereby providing higher order structural information. Footprinting provides insights into protein dynamics, conformational changes, and interactions, and when conducted in a differential way, can readily reveal those regions that undergo conformational change in response to perturbations such as ligand binding, mutation, thermal stress, or aggregation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTheory of morphodynamic information processing: Linking sensing to behaviour.
Vision Res
January 2025
Centre for Brain and Behaviour, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
The traditional understanding of brain function has predominantly focused on chemical and electrical processes. However, new research in fruit fly (Drosophila) binocular vision reveals ultrafast photomechanical photoreceptor movements significantly enhance information processing, thereby impacting a fly's perception of its environment and behaviour. The coding advantages resulting from these mechanical processes suggest that similar physical motion-based coding strategies may affect neural communication ubiquitously.
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