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Mitochondrial disease and epilepsy in children.

Front Neurol

January 2025

Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.

Mitochondria is the cell's powerhouse. Mitochondrial disease refers to a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders caused by dysfunction in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, often due to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or nuclear DNA (nDNA) that encodes mitochondrial proteins. This dysfunction can lead to a variety of clinical phenotypes, particularly affecting organs with high energy demands, such as the brain and muscles.

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Practice patterns for acquiring neuroimaging after pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Resuscitation

January 2025

Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Aims: To determine which patient and cardiac arrest factors were associated with obtaining neuroimaging after in-hospital cardiac arrest, and among those patients who had neuroimaging, factors associated with which neuroimaging modality was obtained.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients who survived in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and were enrolled in the ICU-RESUS trial (NCT02837497).

Results: We tabulated ultrasound (US), CT, and MRI frequency within 7 days following IHCA and identified patient and cardiac arrest factors associated with neuroimaging modalities utilized.

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This study involved 72 volunteers divided into two groups according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): AHI>15 episodes per hour (ep/h) (main group, n=39, including 28 men, median AHI 44.15, median age 47), 0≤AHI≤15ep/h (control group, n=33, including 12 men, median AHI 2, median age 28). Each participant underwent polysomnography with a recording of 19 EEG channels.

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Detection of respiratory frequency rhythm in human alpha phase shifts: topographic distributions in wake and drowsy states.

Front Physiol

January 2025

Laboratory for Radiation Chemistry and Physics-030, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Vinča-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

Introduction: The relationship between brain activity and respiration is recently attracting increasing attention, despite being studied for a long time. Respiratory modulation was evidenced in both single-cell activity and field potentials. Among EEG and intracranial measurements, the effect of respiration was prevailingly studied on amplitude/power in all frequency bands.

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of epilepsy-related death, likely stemming from seizure activity disrupting vital brain centres controlling heart and breathing function. However, understanding of SUDEP's anatomical basis and mechanisms remains limited, hampering risk evaluation and prevention strategies. Prior studies using a neuron-specific conditional knockout mouse model of SUDEP identified the primary importance of brain-driven mechanisms contributing to sudden death and cardiorespiratory dysregulation; yet, the underlying neurocircuits have not been identified.

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