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Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates neurological deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice with traumatic brain injury.

Neurosurg Rev

January 2025

Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Zhou shan hui shui Community,199 Hailing South Road, Taizhou, Jiangsu Province, 225300, China.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-associated neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity can induce gastrointestinal dysfunction through the brain-gut axis. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) was demonstrated to exert beneficial health effects by altering gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Our study aimed to explore the effects of PHGG on gastrointestinal dysfunction in TBI mouse models.

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Ambient temperature leads to differential immune strategies in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum.

J Exp Biol

January 2025

Grupo de Ecología Fisiológica y del Comportamiento. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC). CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina.

Animal thermoregulation may have significant costs and compete directly or indirectly with other energetically demanding processes, such as immune function. Although the subterranean environment is characterized by thermally-stable conditions, small changes in ambient temperature could be critical in shaping immunity. However, little is known about the effects of ambient temperature, in naturally varying ranges, on immunity of wild species.

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Corticosteroid Phobia: A Key Barrier to Treatment in Young Women with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis.

Int J Womens Health

January 2025

Division of Breast Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Corticosteroids are recommended as a first-line treatment for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM), a disease that usually occurs in young women. Corticosteroid phobia is a fear of corticosteroids and one of the main reasons for poor treatment compliance. Despite the increasing recognition of corticosteroid phobia, there has been a lack of studies on this issue in IGM.

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Background: More than 1 million people in the United States meet the criteria for cocaine use disorder (CUD), and over 19,000 people died from cocaine-related overdoses in 2020, but there are currently no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of CUD. Bupropion is an antidepressant currently prescribed to treat depression and nicotine addiction that acts by inhibiting norepinephrine and dopamine transporters.

Methods: In this study, we tested the effect of several doses of systemic bupropion on cocaine self-administration in male and female Wistar rats.

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Contribution of rat insular cortex to stimulus-guided action.

J Neurosci

January 2025

Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France

Anticipating rewards is fundamental for decision-making. Animals often use cues to assess reward availability and to make predictions about future outcomes. The gustatory region of the insular cortex (IC), the so-called gustatory cortex, has a well-established role in the representation of predictive cues, such that IC neurons encode both a general form of outcome expectation as well as anticipatory outcome-specific knowledge.

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