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Neurodegenerative Disorders in Criminal Offending and Cognitive Decline Among Aging Inmates.
NeuroSci
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), presents critical challenges for correctional systems, particularly as global populations age. AD, affecting 60-80% of dementia cases, primarily impairs memory and cognition in individuals over 65. In contrast, FTD, rarer than AD but not uncommon in those under 65, affects the frontal and temporal brain regions, leading to deficits in social behavior, language, and impulse control, often resulting in antisocial actions and legal consequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistributed Representations for Cognitive Control in Frontal Medial Cortex.
J Cogn Neurosci
December 2024
In natural and artificial neural networks, modularity and distributed structure afford complementary but competing benefits. The former allows for hierarchical representations that can flexibly recombine modules to address novel problems, whereas the latter can benefit from less constrained training, potentially uncovering fruitful statistical regularities. Here, we investigate these competing demands in the context of human sequential behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA retrospective approach for evaluating ecological niche modeling transferability over time: the case of Mexican endemic rodents.
PeerJ
December 2024
Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Ecological niche modeling (ENM) is a valuable tool for inferring suitable environmental conditions and estimating species' geographic distributions. ENM is widely used to assess the potential effects of climate change on species distributions; however, the choice of modeling algorithm introduces substantial uncertainty, especially since future projections cannot be properly validated. In this study, we evaluated the performance of seven popular modeling algorithms-Bioclim, generalized additive models (GAM), generalized linear models (GLM), boosted regression trees (BRT), Maxent, random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM)-in transferring ENM across time, using Mexican endemic rodents as a model system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs lateralization concordance between preoperative video-EEG, ictal SPECT, and MRI to be associated with positive psychiatric outcomes after cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated to mesial temporal sclerosis? A retrospective cohort study.
Epilepsy Behav
December 2024
Department of Neurological Sciences, Psychiatry, and Medical Psychology, Faculdade de Medicina de São Jose do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São Paulo, Brazil.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the relationship between comorbid psychiatric disorders and pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), focusing on pre-surgical factors that could influence post-surgical psychiatric outcomes.
- A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 patients, with 51 having psychiatric disorders (PD) and 55 without, to identify predictors for post-surgical PD two years after cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH).
- Results indicated that previous psychiatric treatment was linked to the development of PD post-surgery, with 35% of patients experiencing remission of PD and 14.5% developing new PD after CAH, underscoring the complexity of
Temporal development of subdural collections in infants with confessed abusive head trauma: a forensic neuroimaging study.
Eur Radiol
October 2024
Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Objectives: Estimating the age of injury in pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT) is a challenging task but potentially valuable for the identification of perpetrators. The aims of the study are (1) to describe the temporal development of different imaging features of subdural collections (SDCs), and (2) to provide novel age-diagnostic reference data for forensic-radiological expert reports.
Methods: Using a multi-center approach and a 10-year study period, serial neuroimaging studies of 13 comprehensively investigated AHT cases (8 CT and 26 MRI scans) were analyzed regarding several subdural imaging parameters (SDC appearances, entities, components, and associated findings).
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