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The role of cortisol in immunosuppression in subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Eur J Med Res
August 2023
Northern Care Alliance Research and Innovation, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
Background: We sought to determine the extent to which cortisol suppressed innate and T cell-mediated cytokine production and whether it could be involved in reducing peripheral cytokine production following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).
Methods: Whole blood from healthy controls, patients with SAH and healthy volunteers was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to stimulate innate immunity, or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), to stimulate T cell-mediated immunity. Varying concentrations of cortisol were included, with or without the cortisol antagonist RU486.
Biological responses of stellate sturgeon fingerlings (Acipenser stellatus) immersed in HSP inducer to salinity changes.
Mar Environ Res
October 2023
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Marine Sciences, The Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Electronic address:
Changes in salinity is a stressful and energy-consuming process in fish which give rise to mortalities, especially in fish fingerlings that are more sensitive during the early stages of their life. In the present study, the effects of three salinities, 3‰ (downstream of river), 8‰ (estuarine), and 13‰ (the maximum salinity in the Caspian Sea), on HSP70 gene expression, cortisol level, immune response (lysozyme, complement C3, IgM), and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, T-AOC) of the stellate sturgeon fingerlings in the presence of HSP inducer compound (TEX-OE®) were evaluated. Our results showed that levels of plasma cortisol and heat shock protein (HSP70) in Acipenser stellatus fingerlings increased due to salinity changes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCushing Syndrome: A Review.
JAMA
July 2023
Departments of Medicine and Neurological Surgery and Pituitary Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Importance: Cushing syndrome is defined as a prolonged increase in plasma cortisol levels that is not due to a physiological etiology. Although the most frequent cause of Cushing syndrome is exogenous steroid use, the estimated incidence of Cushing syndrome due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol ranges from 2 to 8 per million people annually. Cushing syndrome is associated with hyperglycemia, protein catabolism, immunosuppression, hypertension, weight gain, neurocognitive changes, and mood disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic exposure to environmental concentrations of harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellates induces oxidative stress and reduces immune and hepatic functions in red seabream.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol
April 2023
Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Yellow Sea Research Institute, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Harmful algal blooms (HABs) from dinoflagellates negatively impact fish health, particularly after long-term exposure to low concentrations, as shown in juvenile red seabream studied over 60 days.
- Significant physiological changes were observed, including increased respiration rates, elevated stress hormone levels (plasma cortisol), and heightened oxidative stress markers in gill and liver tissues after exposure to high cell concentrations of dinoflagellates.
- The study indicated that fish immunity was compromised, with reduced immune parameters, while liver function appeared impaired, suggesting that even non-toxic algal strains can have harmful effects on fish over time.
Integrated biochemical, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into heat stress response in Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus).
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2023
The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China. Electronic address:
Temperature fluctuations caused by climate change and global warming pose a great threat to various species. Most fish are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures. Understanding the mechanism of high-temperature tolerance in fish can be beneficial for proposing effective strategies to help fish cope with global warming.
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