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Inflammation of the pituitary gland can be primary (without another underlying cause) or secondary (associated with a systemic inflammatory condition). Primary hypophysitis is very rare, among which xanthomatous hypophysitis as a histological type is extremely unusual. A woman in her late 50s presented with recurrent pituitary lesions over 20 years.

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The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis is disrupted by exposure to a mix of tributyltin and bisphenol S.

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January 2025

Laboratório de Endocrinologia Experimental-LEEx, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Endocrinologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal; Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address:

Tributyltin is a biocide and bisphenol S is a plasticizer. The effects of the TBT+BPS mix on thyroid axis function are unknown. This study evaluated the effects of subacute exposure to TBT and BPS, both in mix and alone, in female young Wistar rats.

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A subgroup of patients with acute depression show an impaired regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, which can be sensitively diagnosed with the combined dexamethasone (dex)/corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-test. This neuropathological alteration is assumed to be a result of hyperactive AVP/V1b signalling. Given the complicated procedure of the dex/CRH-test, this study aimed to develop a genetic variants-based alternative approach to predict the outcome of the dex/CRH-test in acute depression.

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Growth hormone (GH) secretion by the pituitary is regulated by stimulatory and inhibitory pathways such as growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin, respectively, being also modulated by different neurotransmitters acting at the hypothalamic/pituitary level. The pineal gland hormone melatonin regulates GH secretion in many mammals, including humans, although its role in modulating GH secretion has been debated. We describe the case of a young woman chronically taking melatonin for sleep disturbances, referring to her general practitioner for flushing that appeared just after starting melatonin intake.

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Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) is a novel class of orally administered medications for renal anemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Roxadustat, a HIF-PHI, has a structure similar to that of triiodothyronine and may work as an agonist for thyroid hormone receptor-beta in the pituitary gland and/or hypothalamus. Therefore, roxadustat may cause central hypothyroidism due to suppressing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release in the pituitary gland and/or thyrotropin-releasing hormone release in the hypothalamus.

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