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Olfactory Evoked Potentials and Brain MRI Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.
J Clin Med
December 2024
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy.
Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an underestimated symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). Multiple factors may play a role in the OD reported by MS patients, such as ongoing inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), damage to the olfactory bulbs due to demyelination, and the presence of plaques in brain areas associated with the olfactory system. Indeed, neuroimaging studies in MS have shown a clear association of the OD with the number and activity of MS-related plaques in frontal and temporal brain regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLate development of sensory thresholds for horizontal relative disparity in human visual cortex in the face of precocial development of thresholds for absolute disparity.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Psychology, 450 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Immaturities exist at multiple levels of the developing human visual pathway, starting with immaturities in photon efficiency and spatial sampling in the retina and on through immaturities in early and later stages of cortical processing. Here we use Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) and controlled visual stimuli to determine the degree to which sensitivity to horizontal retinal disparity is limited by the visibility of the monocular half-images, the ability to encode absolute disparity or the ability to encode relative disparity. Responses were recorded from male and female human participants at average ages of 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent odor experience selectively modulates olfactory sensitivity across the glomerular output in the mouse olfactory bulb.
Chem Senses
December 2024
Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL.
Although animals can reliably locate and recognize odorants embedded in complex environments, the neural circuits for accomplishing these tasks remain incompletely understood. Adaptation is likely to be important as it could allow neurons in a brain area to adjust to the broader sensory environment. Adaptive processes must be flexible enough to allow the brain to make dynamic adjustments, while maintaining sufficient stability so that organisms do not forget important olfactory associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis required to maintain supporting cell identity and vestibular function during maturation of the mammalian balance organs.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Flaum Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA;
The inner ear houses both hearing and balance sensory modalities. The hearing and balance organs consist of similar cell types, including sensory hair cells and associated supporting cells. Previously we showed that is required for maintaining supporting cell survival during cochlear maturation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInulin or xylooligosaccharide addition to dulce de leche affects consumers' sensory experience and emotional response.
Food Res Int
January 2025
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia (IFRJ), Departamento de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Electronic address:
The growing interest in reducing sugar and fat in processed foods has led to the use of fibers with prebiotic potential, such as inulin and xylooligosaccharide (XOS), as substitutes capable of enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality. Using an innovative approach with Free Just-About-Right (FREE JAR) to obtain Drivers of Liking, this study evaluated consumer perception (n = 129) regarding the impact of adding inulin and XOS to Dulce de Leche with or without fat reduction. The term "Too Greasy" was significant for the product made with whole milk; however, adding inulin and XOS mitigated this effect and promoted the sensation of JAR sweetness.
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