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Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
December 2024
Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.
Article Synopsis
- The pathogenesis of long COVID (LC) involves uncertainty, complicating the search for effective therapies.
- The hypothesis suggests that chronic damage to the body's anti-inflammatory mechanisms, particularly through the vagus nerve, HPA axis, and mitochondrial function, plays a crucial role in LC development.
- The theory posits that SARS-CoV-2 alters these systems at various levels, leading to persistent inflammation due to impaired anti-inflammatory responses from acetylcholine and cortisol, warranting further investigation into glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity and potential long-term epigenetic effects.
Pseudorabies virus inhibits progesterone-induced inactivation of TRPML1 to facilitate viral entry.
PLoS Pathog
January 2024
College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
Article Synopsis
- - Viral infections, particularly from neurotropic alphaherpesviruses like pseudorabies virus (PRV), can negatively affect female fertility by disrupting the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis (HPOA) and reducing progesterone levels, leading to lower pregnancy rates.
- - The study found that PRV uses the transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) and a specific lipid, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2), to aid its entry into cells, compromising cellular health.
- - Progesterone (P4) acts to counter this viral invasion by causing lysosomal storage disorders and promoting the degradation of
Recent Uses of Lipid Nanoparticles, Cell-Penetrating and Bioactive Peptides for the Development of Brain-Targeted Nanomedicines against Neurodegenerative Disorders.
Nanomaterials (Basel)
November 2023
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
The lack of effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is an important current concern. Lipid nanoparticles can deliver innovative combinations of active molecules to target the various mechanisms of neurodegeneration. A significant challenge in delivering drugs to the brain for ND treatment is associated with the blood-brain barrier, which limits the effectiveness of conventional drug administration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA bioinformatics-based approach and expression assay for identification of dysregulated genes in pituitary adenoma.
Pathol Res Pract
January 2024
Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Electronic address:
Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are a group of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors that are associated with morbidity. The exact pathophysiological process leading to this pathology is not known. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurotropic factor that might be involved in this process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe many "Neurofaces" of Prohibitins 1 and 2: Crucial for the healthy brain, dysregulated in numerous brain disorders.
J Chem Neuroanat
October 2023
Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2) are proteins that are nearly ubiquitously expressed. They are localized in mitochondria, cytosol and cell nuclei. In the healthy CNS, they occur in neurons and non-neuronal cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells) and fulfill pivotal functions in brain development and aging, the regulation of brain metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity, synapse formation, aminoacidergic neurotransmission and, probably, regulation of brain action of certain hypothalamic-pituitary hormones.
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